'[Discuss] UserLinuxHelp snapshot.'

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List: userlinux-discuss
Subject: [Discuss] UserLinuxHelp snapshot.
From: Lee <lmckusic () comcast ! net>
Date: 2004-10-26 20:00:52
Message-ID: 1098820851.3685.17.camel () localhost ! localdomain
[Download RAW message or body]

Hello list,
   UserLinuxHelp draft files attached. 

   Trying to give a Section to each topic. 

   Trying to finish each topic with good pointers.

   Lots of incomplete writing, sorry.

   ----------------

   I am looking at how to make UserLinuxHelp fit within the scrollkeeper
indexing system:

   http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2001/11/28/scrollkeeper.html

["UserLInuxHelp35.sgml" (UserLInuxHelp35.sgml)]

<!doctype linuxdoc system [ 
<!ENTITY graph1008 "/usr/share/icons/hicolor/32x32/apps/gnome-terminal"> ]>

<article>

<title>
UserLinuxHelp

</title>
<date>
Date October 26, 2004

</date>
<author>
<firstname>Lee</firstname><surname>McKusick</surname>

</author>
<abstract>
Help getting UserLinux working. Show you step by step how to
 get some applications and services working. Pointers to further information.

</abstract>
<sect>
Printing help
<sect1>
UserLinux uses the Cups printing system. 

UserLinux uses the Cups printer system.

</p>
<sect1>
Here are printer control pages and commands
<p>
Open this link in a browser to to get to the printer documentation:
 <url url="http://localhost:631" name="Cups print system">

</p>
<p>
Screen shot:

You need the root password to manage printers.

</p>
<sect1>
Tests to verify printing components are OK
<p>
ps aux | grep cupsd

</p>
<p>
lmckusic@debuserlinux01:&tilde;&dollar; ps aux | grep cupsd 

</p>
<p>
root 3010 0.1 0.4 5168 2132 ? Ss 07:01 0:14 /usr/sbin/cupsd

</p>
<p>
lmckusic 8662 0.0 0.1 1860 572 pts/0 R+ 10:15 0:00 grep cupsd

Grep dmesg for printer detection message.

</p>
<p>
Turn the printer on. 

Check that the printer is plugged in, ink ok, not jammed.

Check the CR/LF problem, check the end-of-file FF problem.

</p>
<p>
Check the print queue.

Check the printer name being used.

</p>
<p>
Print a web page.

</p>
<p>
Print from open office.

</p>
<p>
Print from command line.

</p>
<sect1>
Documentation on Cups and printing
<p>
Cups printing documentation

</p>
<p>
LinuxDocumentation Project

<sect>
Grub boot loader
<sect1>
UserLinux uses the Grub Boot Loader for starting the computer.

A boot loader is a program that enables your computer to run
 several different operating systems.

<sect1>
Here are Grub boot loader control pages and commands.

Grub boot loader menu path:

</p>
<p>
Applications -&gt; System Tools -&gt; Boot

</p>
<p>
Grub boot loader, start it from a terminal:

</p>

<code>
<![CDATA[boot-admin # You need root password
]]>
</code>
<sect1>
How to make a boot floppy.

It is really important to make a boot floppy to start your UserLinux
 system.

<sect1>
How to make Grub boot a second Linux distribution on a 2nd hard
 disk.

A grub "gotcha" if you have a Red Hat or other Linux installation
 on the same system.

For system installers adding a UserLinux system to a computer
 that has a Red Hat system already.

UserLinux uses the Debian install system. The install system
 sets up a boot loader called Grub. At the time I write this, you
 must manually edit the grub configuration file to make it boot your
 older system.

</p>
<p>
You must be root to edit the Grub boot configuration file:

</p>
<p>
/boot/grub/menu.lst

You must scroll down below the "&num;&num;&num; End ... automagic"
 line to add the instructions to boot the old system.

</p>
<p>
Here is a typical boot instruction to boot RedHat on /dev/hdb

</p>

<code>
<![CDATA[### END DEBIAN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST
]]><![CDATA[title Red Hat with hard root device in fstab 
]]><![CDATA[root (hd1,0) 
]]><![CDATA[kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.20-28.8 ro root=/dev/hdb7 
]]><![CDATA[initrd /initrd-2.4.20-28.8.img 
]]>
</code>
<sect2>
On RedHat systems you must edit /etc/fstab and make all the mount
 points physical disk addresses

When a Red Hat system boots, the /etc/init script reads /etc/fstab
 (the file system table). Each line in fstab is a filesystem to be
 mounted.

Red hat uses a mounting system where the mount process seeks
 the logical label attached to a disk partition.

</p>

<code>
<![CDATA[LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1 
]]><![CDATA[LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 
]]><![CDATA[LABEL=/home /home ext3 defaults 1 2
]]>
</code>

If you create a UserLinux system on /hda, these mount instructions
 will jump to /hda and mount the there. If your older system is on
 /hdb <bf>it will never be found</bf>.

The fix is, while running UserLinux, become root and manually
 mount the disk partition and edit /etc/fstab to look as follows.

</p>
<p>
The commands you might use are:

</p>

<code>
<![CDATA[su - (become root)
]]><![CDATA[mkdir /mnt/hdb7 # make a mount point
]]><![CDATA[mount -t ext3 /dev/hdb7 /mnt/hdb7
]]><![CDATA[ls /mnt/hdb7 # look around
]]><![CDATA[ls /mnt/hdb7/etc 
]]><![CDATA[ls /mnt/hdb7/etc/f* 
]]><![CDATA[vi /mnt/hdb7/etc/fstab
]]>
</code>

Make the /etc/fstab table look like this. Make the mount table
 point hardware (like /dev/hdb7 instead of the LABEL=/ ).

</p>

<p>
<code>
<![CDATA[/dev/hdb7 /     ext3 defaults 1 1
]]><![CDATA[/dev/hdb1 /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
]]><![CDATA[/dev/hdb5 /home ext3 defaults 1 2
]]>
</code>
</p><sect1>
Documentation for the Grub boot loader.
<p>
<url url="file:///usr/share/doc/grub-doc/html/grub_toc.html#SEC_Contents" name="Link \
to  Grub documentation">

<sect2>
How to download Grub documentation.

You need the root password to download the documetation.

You need your internet connection active.

Start a terminal. You do this by clicking on the TV picture icon.

</p>
<p>

</p>

<code>
<![CDATA[su - # Provide root password
]]><![CDATA[apt-get update # Prepares system 
]]><![CDATA[apt-get install grub-doc # Gets the grub doc
]]>
</code>

Link above should now work.

If the link above does not work, start a browser and try this
 link.

</p>

<p>
<code>
<![CDATA[//usr/share/doc/grub-doc/html/grub_toc.html#SEC_Contents
]]>
</code>
</p><p>
The main configuration file for the UserLinux-Debian grub boot
 loader version .95 is:

</p>

<code>
<![CDATA[/boot/grub/menu.lst # Must be root to edit
]]><![CDATA[
]]>
</code>
<sect>
Web browsers, install Java and add other capabilities.
<sect1>
Add Java and other capabilities to match proprietary systems.

Basic UserLinux comes with strictly free GNU licensed software.
 These instructions show you how to add the "not quite free at this
 time" Java runtime environment.

Java enables you to run games like Runescape.com.

You may also quickly decide the popup blocking features of these
 superb browsers.

</p>
<sect1>
Steps to install Java

<itemize>
 <item>
Go to Sun Microsystems' Java website.
 <item>
Agree to the Java software license.
 <item>
Download the Java runtime.
 <item>
Move the runtime to a system location.
 <item>
Unpack the runtime.
 <item>
Create a soft link for the runtime file to the mozilla/plugins
 directory.
 <item>
Test that your Java runtime works.
 <item>
Try your game sites of interest.
 <item>
Remove site cookies that predate your Java installation.
 <item>
Add the UserAgentSwitcher if you need to masquerade as an Internet
 Explorer or Netscape client.

</itemize>
<sect1>
Get the Java runtime 

Seek out the latest version of the Java runtime.

</p>
<p>
As I write, the lateset available version is "jre1.5.0"

Download the "self extracting binary for Linux". You do not need
 the "rpm" file.

Avoid the version "jre1.4.2_04", it is too old.

</p>
<p>
Following the Firefox web browser Java installation instructions,
 I recommend you seek out the later version jre1.5.0

The Firefox browser team publishes these installation instructions.
 These instructions are usable for Epiphany, Mozilla and Firefox.

Download the latest Java runtime by checking this link. Come
 back to these instructions for some installation detail.

</p>
<p>
<url url="http://plugindoc.mozdev.org/faqs/java.html" name="Mozilla's current help \
for installing Java">

<sect1>
Make a system location and move the runtime.

For all the users on your UserLinux box to use Java, the Java
 runtime must be unpacked and installed in a system location.

</p>
<p>
If you do not have "root access":

</p>
<p>
The Java runtime can be linked to your /home file area

</p>

<p>
<code>
<![CDATA[/home/yourlogin/.mozilla/plugins/
]]><![CDATA[# See above URL for details
]]>
</code>
</p><p>
If you have root access, proceed as follows:

Your copy of the Java runtime will be a file in your browser's
 download area like this.

Click on the Terminal icon and start a terminal session.

List the Java runtime file name.

</p>

<code>
<![CDATA[ls /home/yourlogin/Desktop/Downloads/ 
]]><![CDATA[
]]><![CDATA[# Now switch to root
]]><![CDATA[su - # provide root password.
]]><![CDATA[# 
]]><![CDATA[# Make a system location for Java
]]><![CDATA[mkdir /usr/java
]]><![CDATA[# Go to that location
]]><![CDATA[cd /usr/java
]]><![CDATA[# Copy the Java runtime
]]><![CDATA[# This line will split. Type it as one line
]]><![CDATA[# Note the trailing "." It means copy it here.
]]><![CDATA[
]]><![CDATA[cp /home/yourlogin/Desktop/Downloads/jre-1_5_0-linux-i586.bin .
]]><![CDATA[# Verify the copy
]]><![CDATA[ls
]]><![CDATA[# Make the bin file executable
]]><![CDATA[chmod a+x jre # Press tab key to complete
]]><![CDATA[#Verify the file has permissions to execute
]]><![CDATA[#Long form listing of a file is "ls -l"
]]><![CDATA[# Three x's mean root, group and user can execute the file.
]]><![CDATA[ls -l 
]]><![CDATA[-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 16511293 2004-10-15 22:05 \
jre-1_5_0-linux-i586.bin ]]><![CDATA[# While still root, still in /var/java
]]><![CDATA[# Run the self extracting file
]]><![CDATA[# The "./" means "run the file in the current directory
]]><![CDATA[./jre-1 # Press tab to complete the line
]]><![CDATA[# See messages as extraction program runs.
]]><![CDATA[# Find the javaruntime file
]]><![CDATA[# We show several ls steps, use up-arrow key to # recall the last \
command. ]]><![CDATA[ls: /var/java: No such file or directory \
lmckusic@debian-userlinux-01:~$ ls /usr/java j2re1.4.2_05 \
j2re-1_4_2_05-linux-i586.bin jre1.5.0 jre-1_5_0-linux-i586.bin \
lmckusic@debian-userlinux-01:~$ ls /usr/java/jre1.5.0/ bin COPYRIGHT lib \
man README Welcome.html CHANGES javaws LICENSE plugin \
THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt lmckusic@debian-userlinux-01:~$ ls \
/usr/java/jre1.5.0/plugin desktop i386 lmckusic@debian-userlinux-01:~$ ls \
/usr/java/jre1.5.0/plugin/i386/ ns7 ns7-gcc29 lmckusic@debian-userlinux-01:~$ ls \
/usr/java/jre1.5.0/plugin/i386/ns7 libjavaplugin_oji.so \
lmckusic@debian-userlinux-01:~$ ls \
/usr/java/jre1.5.0/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so \
]]><![CDATA[lmckusic@debian-userlinux-01:~$ ]]>
</code>

The file you will use is:

</p>

<code>
<![CDATA[/usr/java/jre1.5.0/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so
]]>
</code>

Now go to the sub directory where mozilla plugins are located.

</p>

<code>
<![CDATA[cd /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/
]]><![CDATA[#
]]><![CDATA[# now create a soft link
]]><![CDATA[# The command must have "space ." 
]]><![CDATA[# Space dot in the next command means
]]><![CDATA[# link the named file to the current directory
]]><![CDATA[# All on one line:
]]><![CDATA[ ln -s /usr/java/jre1.5.0/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so .
]]><![CDATA[# Check you made the link
]]><![CDATA[ls -l
]]><![CDATA[# Done using root privilege, exit
]]><![CDATA[exit
]]>
</code>
<sect1>
Restart browser and verify the Java plugin runs

If you have any web browsers running, exit all screens and shut
 them down. The menu path is typically

</p>

<code>
<![CDATA[Epiphany menu: File --> Close
]]><![CDATA[Firefox menu: File --> Quit
]]>
</code>

Restart your browser.

</p>
<p>
Go to the following web address and verify the Java plugin works:

</p>
<p>
http://java.com/en/download/help/testvm.jsp

</p>
<p>
<url url="http://java.com/en/download/help/testvm.jsp" name="Java test page">

<sect1>
Clear old cookies to run selected game sites.

Some web sites that use Java set a data item called a cookie
 on your web browser.

You need to erase cookies set before you installed Java runtime.
 The web site will query your machine and set a new cookie that records
 you now have a Java runtime available.

</p>
<p>
To erase cookies in Epiphany 1.2.8:

</p>

<code>
<![CDATA[Edit --> Personal Data --> Cookies 
]]><![CDATA[( delete them one at a time).
]]>
</code>

To erase cookies in Firefox 0.9:

</p>

<code>
<![CDATA[Edit --> Preferences --> Privacy --> Cookies --> Stored Cookies 
]]><![CDATA[(delete a few or all).
]]>
</code>

You may need to go to the starting page of your game site and
 press "Reload the current page" to finally force the web site to discover
 you have Java runtime available.

<sect1>
Why masquerade your browser and how to do it.

This is best accomplished with Firefox and Galeon browsers.

<sect1>
Documentation for web browsers.

The Mozilla project has built a neat system of web browser documentation.

How to set up email.

</p>
<p>
Choose your mail agent.

Write down your ISP's email server names.

</p>
<p>
Incoming

</p>
<p>
Outgoing 

</p>
<p>
Test.

<sect>
How to get documentation and programs
<sect2>
Introduction: Getting documentation and more programs is easy
 with UserLinux.

Menu access and command line access to apt-get.

UserLinux has the wonderful apt-get tool for getting documentation
 and programs from the internet.

<sect2>
Specific apt-get commands for UserLinux Help topics.

apt-get update

</p>
<p>
apt-cache search "xxxx"

</p>
<p>
apt-cache show 

</p>
<p>
apt-get install xxx

<sect2>
Documentation overload. Finding the information you need without
 overload.

Buying a selected Linux library.

Remainder and returned textbooks sources.

<sect>
Backup and disaster recovery
<sect2>
Introduction. Simple steps you can take in the next 30 minutes.

Make a boot disk.

</p>
<p>
Copy files to floppy.

</p>
<p>
Copy files to CD.

<sect2>
Backup and recovery Documentation

Linux Documentation project.

</p>
<p>
Books.

<sect>
Sound, steps to get it working.
<sect2>
Introduction: Simple things to check.

Try playing a music CD.

Check for cable from CD-drive to motherboard.

Check for sound drivers installed.

Download alsa-sound and install alsa drivers.

Play a sound test file.

Turn up volume on volume control.

</p>
<p>
Test speakers.

<sect2>
Download and install RealPlayer 10.

Remove un-necessary sound cards from mid-age motherboard machines.

<sect2>
Documentation for Sound troubleshooting.

LDP.

Docfiles on the basic system.

</p>
<p>
apt-get documentation.

<sect>
USB Universal serial bus Getting devices working
<sect1>
Introduction: Very aggravating to buy stuff that does not work.

Support eventually shows up.

</p>
<p>
Kernel 2.6 is really great.

Consider removing add-in USB cards.

Research working devices before buying.

<sect1>
Tests for verifying the USB systems.

LSPCI

</p>
<p>
cat /proc/usb/...

</p>
<p>
ps aux | grep 

<sect1>
Documentation for USB troubleshooting.

LDP.

</p>
<p>
Internet.

<sect>
Getting internet connectivity.
<sect1>
Aggravation Zero:

It can be pretty aggravating to not have internet connectivity.

Many points of this UserLinux Help file presume you have a working
 internet connection. Here are some tests and starting points for
 establishing an internet connection.

Tests to see what parts of your internet connectivity are working.

</p>
<p>
Ping

</p>
<p>
Ifconfig

</p>
<p>
Route

</p>
<p>
Dig

Look at ethernet card lights.

</p>
<p>
Configuring dial up.

</p>
<p>
Dial yourself.

</p>
<p>
Dial your ISP

<sect>
Hardware troubleshooting.
<sect1>
Introduction: Eliminate hardware when troubleshooting persistent
 problems.

Always turn computer off when doing hardware tests.

Get a pad of paper and copy down card identification.

</p>
<p>
Test RAM memory.

</p>
<p>
Remove hardware cards.

Look at LAN card indicator lights.

<sect1>
Documentation for hardware troubleshooting.

Web search using card identification.

<sect>
Secure your system. Use hard-to-guess passwords everywhere.
<sect2>
What is a good password.

Above all else, have good hard to guess passwords.

<sect2>
Ways to generate passwords.

Use random passwords.

Don't tell your passwords ever! Resist social engineering attacks.

How to grant access to others.

Secure your notebook, boot disk and your computer.

<sect2>
How to set up GPG Gnu Privacy Guard.

Create a signature file.

</p>
<p>
Attend a keysigning party

Make Evolution verify signatures of incoming email.

</p>
<p>
Sign outgoing email.

</p>
<p>
Encryption of files.

<sect2>
Disable unnecessary services

Server installation provides some services a user may not be
 ready to use.

Menu access to service configuration.

<sect2>
Security documentation.

Linux Documentation Project.

</p>
<p>
Books.

</p>

</article>

["UserLInuxHelp35-10.html" (UserLInuxHelp35-10.html)]

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
 <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="LinuxDoc-Tools 0.9.21">
 <TITLE>UserLinuxHelp: Secure your system. Use hard-to-guess passwords everywhere.</TITLE>
 <LINK HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-9.html" REL=previous>
 <LINK HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc10" REL=contents>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Next
<A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-9.html">Previous</A>
<A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc10">Contents</A>
<HR>
<H2>What is a good password.</H2>

<P>Above all else, have good hard to guess passwords.</P>

<H3>Ways to generate passwords.</H3>

<P>Use random passwords.</P>

Don't tell your passwords ever! Resist social engineering attacks.

<P>How to grant access to others.</P>

<P>Secure your notebook, boot disk and your computer.</P>

<H3>How to set up GPG Gnu Privacy Guard.</H3>

<P>Create a signature file.</P>

<P>Attend a keysigning party</P>

<P>Make Evolution verify signatures of incoming email.</P>

<P>Sign outgoing email.</P>

<P>Encryption of files.</P>

<H3>Disable unnecessary services</H3>

<P>Server installation provides some services a user may not be
ready to use.</P>

<P>Menu access to service configuration.</P>

<H3>Security documentation.</H3>

<P>Linux Documentation Project.</P>

<P>Books.</P>

<H3></H3>

<HR>
Next
<A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-9.html">Previous</A>
<A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc10">Contents</A>
</BODY>
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<HTML>
<HEAD>
 <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="LinuxDoc-Tools 0.9.21">
 <TITLE>UserLinuxHelp: Printing help</TITLE>
 <LINK HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-2.html" REL=next>

 <LINK HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc1" REL=contents>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-2.html">Next</A>
Previous
<A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc1">Contents</A>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="s1">1.</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc1">Printing help</A></H2>

<H2><A NAME="ss1.1">1.1</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc1.1">UserLinux uses the \
Cups printing system. </A> </H2>

UserLinux uses the Cups printer system.

<H2><A NAME="ss1.2">1.2</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc1.2">Here are printer \
control pages and commands</A> </H2>

<P>Open this link in a browser to to get to the printer documentation:
<A HREF="http://localhost:631">Cups print system</A></P>

<P>Screen shot:</P>

You need the root password to manage printers.

<H2><A NAME="ss1.3">1.3</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc1.3">Tests to verify \
printing components are OK</A> </H2>

<P>ps aux | grep cupsd</P>

<P>lmckusic@debuserlinux01:~$ ps aux | grep cupsd </P>

<P>root 3010 0.1 0.4 5168 2132 ? Ss 07:01 0:14 /usr/sbin/cupsd</P>

<P>lmckusic 8662 0.0 0.1 1860 572 pts/0 R+ 10:15 0:00 grep cupsd</P>

<P>Grep dmesg for printer detection message.</P>

Turn the printer on.

<P>Check that the printer is plugged in, ink ok, not jammed.</P>

<P>Check the CR/LF problem, check the end-of-file FF problem.</P>

<P>Check the print queue.</P>

<P>Check the printer name being used.</P>

<P>Print a web page.</P>

<P>Print from open office.</P>

<P>Print from command line.</P>

<H2><A NAME="ss1.4">1.4</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc1.4">Documentation on \
Cups and printing</A> </H2>

<P>Cups printing documentation</P>

<P>LinuxDocumentation Project</P>

<HR>
<A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-2.html">Next</A>
Previous
<A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc1">Contents</A>
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 <TITLE>UserLinuxHelp: Grub boot loader</TITLE>
 <LINK HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-3.html" REL=next>
 <LINK HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-1.html" REL=previous>
 <LINK HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc2" REL=contents>
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<A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-3.html">Next</A>
<A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-1.html">Previous</A>
<A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc2">Contents</A>
<HR>
<H2><A NAME="s2">2.</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc2">Grub boot loader</A></H2>

<H2><A NAME="ss2.1">2.1</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc2.1">UserLinux uses the \
Grub Boot Loader for starting the computer.</A> </H2>

<P>A boot loader is a program that enables your computer to run
several different operating systems.</P>

<H2><A NAME="ss2.2">2.2</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc2.2">Here are Grub boot \
loader control pages and commands.</A> </H2>

<P>Grub boot loader menu path:</P>

<P>Applications -&gt; System Tools -&gt; Boot</P>

<P>Grub boot loader, start it from a terminal:</P>

<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
&lt;![CDATA[boot-admin          # You need root password
]]>
</PRE>
<HR>
</P>
<H2><A NAME="ss2.3">2.3</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc2.3">How to make a boot \
floppy.</A> </H2>

<P>It is really important to make a boot floppy to start your UserLinux
system.</P>

<H2><A NAME="ss2.4">2.4</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc2.4">How to make Grub \
boot a second Linux distribution on a 2nd hard</A>  disk.</H2>

<P>A grub "gotcha" if you have a Red Hat or other Linux installation
on the same system.</P>

For system installers adding a UserLinux system to a computer
that has a Red Hat system already.

UserLinux uses the Debian install system. The install system
sets up a boot loader called Grub. At the time I write this, you
must manually edit the grub configuration file to make it boot your
older system.

<P>You must be root to edit the Grub boot configuration file:</P>

<P>/boot/grub/menu.lst</P>

You must scroll down below the "### End ... automagic"
line to add the instructions to boot the old system.

<P>Here is a typical boot instruction to boot RedHat on /dev/hdb</P>

<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
&lt;![CDATA[### END DEBIAN AUTOMAGIC KERNELS LIST
]]>&lt;![CDATA[title Red Hat with hard root device in fstab 
]]>&lt;![CDATA[root (hd1,0)  
]]>&lt;![CDATA[kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.20-28.8 ro root=/dev/hdb7 
]]>&lt;![CDATA[initrd /initrd-2.4.20-28.8.img 
]]>
</PRE>
<HR>
</P>
<H3>On RedHat systems you must edit /etc/fstab and make all the mount points physical \
disk addresses</H3>

When a Red Hat system boots, the /etc/init script reads /etc/fstab
(the file system table). Each line in fstab is a filesystem to be
mounted.

<P>Red hat uses a mounting system where the mount process seeks
the logical label attached to a disk partition.</P>

<HR>
<PRE>
&lt;![CDATA[LABEL=/ / ext3 defaults 1 1 
]]>&lt;![CDATA[LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 
]]>&lt;![CDATA[LABEL=/home /home ext3 defaults 1 2
]]>
</PRE>
<HR>

If you create a UserLinux system on /hda, these mount instructions
will jump to /hda and mount the there. If your older system is on
/hdb it will never be found.

<P>The fix is, while running UserLinux, become root and manually
mount the disk partition and edit /etc/fstab to look as follows.</P>

<P>The commands you might use are:</P>

<HR>
<PRE>
&lt;![CDATA[su - (become root)
]]>&lt;![CDATA[mkdir /mnt/hdb7 # make a mount point
]]>&lt;![CDATA[mount -t ext3 /dev/hdb7 /mnt/hdb7
]]>&lt;![CDATA[ls /mnt/hdb7 # look around
]]>&lt;![CDATA[ls /mnt/hdb7/etc 
]]>&lt;![CDATA[ls /mnt/hdb7/etc/f* 
]]>&lt;![CDATA[vi /mnt/hdb7/etc/fstab
]]>
</PRE>
<HR>

Make the /etc/fstab table look like this. Make the mount table
point hardware (like /dev/hdb7 instead of the LABEL=/ ).

<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
&lt;![CDATA[/dev/hdb7 /     ext3 defaults 1 1
]]>&lt;![CDATA[/dev/hdb1 /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
]]>&lt;![CDATA[/dev/hdb5 /home ext3 defaults 1 2
]]>
</PRE>
<HR>
</P>
<H2><A NAME="ss2.5">2.5</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc2.5">Documentation for \
the Grub boot loader.</A> </H2>

<P>
<A HREF="file:///usr/share/doc/grub-doc/html/grub_toc.html#SEC_Contents">Link to  \
Grub documentation</A></P>

<H3>How to download Grub documentation.</H3>

<P>You need the root password to download the documetation.</P>

<P>You need your internet connection active.</P>

Start a terminal. You do this by clicking on the TV picture icon.

<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
&lt;![CDATA[su -           # Provide root password
]]>&lt;![CDATA[apt-get update # Prepares system 
]]>&lt;![CDATA[apt-get install grub-doc # Gets the grub doc
]]>
</PRE>
<HR>
</P>
<P>Link above should now work.</P>

<P>If the link above does not work, start a browser and try this
link.</P>

<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
&lt;![CDATA[//usr/share/doc/grub-doc/html/grub_toc.html#SEC_Contents
]]>
</PRE>
<HR>
</P>
<P>The main configuration file for the UserLinux-Debian grub boot
loader version .95 is:</P>

<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
&lt;![CDATA[/boot/grub/menu.lst   # Must be root to edit
]]>&lt;![CDATA[
]]>
</PRE>
<HR>
</P>
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<HR>
<H2><A NAME="s3">3.</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc3">Web browsers, install \
Java and add other capabilities.</A></H2>

<H2><A NAME="ss3.1">3.1</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc3.1">Add Java and other \
capabilities to match proprietary systems.</A> </H2>

Basic UserLinux comes with strictly free GNU licensed software.
These instructions show you how to add the "not quite free at this
time" Java runtime environment.

Java enables you to run games like Runescape.com.

<P>You may also quickly decide the popup blocking features of these
superb browsers.</P>

<H2><A NAME="ss3.2">3.2</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc3.2">Steps to install \
Java</A> </H2>

<UL>
<LI>Go to Sun Microsystems' Java website.</LI>
<LI>Agree to the Java software license.</LI>
<LI>Download the Java runtime.</LI>
<LI>Move the runtime to a system location.</LI>
<LI>Unpack the runtime.</LI>
<LI>Create a soft link for the runtime file to the mozilla/plugins
directory.</LI>
<LI>Test that your Java runtime works.</LI>
<LI>Try your game sites of interest.</LI>
<LI>Remove site cookies that predate your Java installation.</LI>
<LI>Add the UserAgentSwitcher if you need to masquerade as an Internet
Explorer or Netscape client.
</LI>
</UL>

<H2><A NAME="ss3.3">3.3</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc3.3">Get the Java \
runtime </A> </H2>

Seek out the latest version of the Java runtime.

<P>As I write, the lateset available version is "jre1.5.0"</P>

Download the "self extracting binary for Linux". You do not need
the "rpm" file.

<P>Avoid the version "jre1.4.2_04", it is too old.</P>

<P>Following the Firefox web browser Java installation instructions,
I recommend you seek out the later version jre1.5.0</P>

The Firefox browser team publishes these installation instructions.
These instructions are usable for Epiphany, Mozilla and Firefox.

Download the latest Java runtime by checking this link. Come
back to these instructions for some installation detail.

<P>
<A HREF="http://plugindoc.mozdev.org/faqs/java.html">Mozilla's current help for \
installing Java</A></P>

<H2><A NAME="ss3.4">3.4</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc3.4">Make a system \
location and move the runtime.</A> </H2>

For all the users on your UserLinux box to use Java, the Java
runtime must be unpacked and installed in a system location.

<P>If you do not have "root access":</P>

<P>The Java runtime can be linked to your /home file area</P>

<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
&lt;![CDATA[/home/yourlogin/.mozilla/plugins/
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# See above URL for details
]]>
</PRE>
<HR>
</P>
<P>If you have root access, proceed as follows:</P>

<P>Your copy of the Java runtime will be a file in your browser's
download area like this.</P>

<P>Click on the Terminal icon and start a terminal session.</P>

<P>List the Java runtime file name.</P>

<HR>
<PRE>
&lt;![CDATA[ls /home/yourlogin/Desktop/Downloads/ 
]]>&lt;![CDATA[
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# Now switch to root
]]>&lt;![CDATA[su - # provide root password.
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# 
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# Make a system location for Java
]]>&lt;![CDATA[mkdir /usr/java
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# Go to that location
]]>&lt;![CDATA[cd /usr/java
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# Copy the Java runtime
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# This line will split. Type it as one line
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# Note the trailing "." It means copy it here.
]]>&lt;![CDATA[
]]>&lt;![CDATA[cp /home/yourlogin/Desktop/Downloads/jre-1_5_0-linux-i586.bin .
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# Verify the copy
]]>&lt;![CDATA[ls
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# Make the bin file executable
]]>&lt;![CDATA[chmod a+x jre # Press tab key to complete
]]>&lt;![CDATA[#Verify the file has permissions to execute
]]>&lt;![CDATA[#Long form listing of a file is "ls -l"
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# Three x's mean root, group and user can execute the file.
]]>&lt;![CDATA[ls -l 
]]>&lt;![CDATA[-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 16511293 2004-10-15 22:05 \
jre-1_5_0-linux-i586.bin ]]>&lt;![CDATA[# While still root, still in /var/java
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# Run the self extracting file
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# The "./" means "run the file in the current directory
]]>&lt;![CDATA[./jre-1 # Press tab to complete the line
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# See messages as extraction program runs.
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# Find the javaruntime file
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# We show several ls steps, use up-arrow key to # recall the last \
command. ]]>&lt;![CDATA[ls: /var/java: No such file or directory \
lmckusic@debian-userlinux-01:~$ ls /usr/java j2re1.4.2_05 \
j2re-1_4_2_05-linux-i586.bin jre1.5.0 jre-1_5_0-linux-i586.bin \
lmckusic@debian-userlinux-01:~$ ls /usr/java/jre1.5.0/ bin COPYRIGHT lib \
man README Welcome.html CHANGES javaws LICENSE plugin \
THIRDPARTYLICENSEREADME.txt lmckusic@debian-userlinux-01:~$ ls \
/usr/java/jre1.5.0/plugin desktop i386 lmckusic@debian-userlinux-01:~$ ls \
/usr/java/jre1.5.0/plugin/i386/ ns7 ns7-gcc29 lmckusic@debian-userlinux-01:~$ ls \
/usr/java/jre1.5.0/plugin/i386/ns7 libjavaplugin_oji.so \
lmckusic@debian-userlinux-01:~$ ls \
/usr/java/jre1.5.0/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so \
]]>&lt;![CDATA[lmckusic@debian-userlinux-01:~$ ]]>
</PRE>
<HR>

The file you will use is:

<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
&lt;![CDATA[/usr/java/jre1.5.0/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so
]]>
</PRE>
<HR>
</P>
<P>Now go to the sub directory where mozilla plugins are located.</P>

<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
&lt;![CDATA[cd /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/
]]>&lt;![CDATA[#
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# now create a soft link
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# The command must have "space ." 
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# Space dot in the next command means
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# link the named file to the current directory
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# All on one line:
]]>&lt;![CDATA[ ln -s /usr/java/jre1.5.0/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so .
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# Check you made the link
]]>&lt;![CDATA[ls -l
]]>&lt;![CDATA[# Done using root privilege, exit
]]>&lt;![CDATA[exit
]]>
</PRE>
<HR>
</P>
<H2><A NAME="ss3.5">3.5</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc3.5">Restart browser and \
verify the Java plugin runs</A> </H2>

If you have any web browsers running, exit all screens and shut
them down. The menu path is typically

<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
&lt;![CDATA[Epiphany menu: File --> Close
]]>&lt;![CDATA[Firefox  menu: File --> Quit
]]>
</PRE>
<HR>
</P>
<P>Restart your browser.</P>

<P>Go to the following web address and verify the Java plugin works:</P>

<P>http://java.com/en/download/help/testvm.jsp</P>

<P>
<A HREF="http://java.com/en/download/help/testvm.jsp">Java test page</A></P>

<H2><A NAME="ss3.6">3.6</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc3.6">Clear old cookies \
to run selected game sites.</A> </H2>

Some web sites that use Java set a data item called a cookie
on your web browser.

You need to erase cookies set before you installed Java runtime.
The web site will query your machine and set a new cookie that records
you now have a Java runtime available.

<P>To erase cookies in Epiphany 1.2.8:</P>

<P>
<HR>
<PRE>
&lt;![CDATA[Edit --> Personal Data --> Cookies 
]]>&lt;![CDATA[( delete them one at a time).
]]>
</PRE>
<HR>
</P>
<P>To erase cookies in Firefox 0.9:</P>

<HR>
<PRE>
&lt;![CDATA[Edit --> Preferences --> Privacy --> Cookies --> Stored Cookies 
]]>&lt;![CDATA[(delete a few or all).
]]>
</PRE>
<HR>

You may need to go to the starting page of your game site and
press "Reload the current page" to finally force the web site to discover
you have Java runtime available.

<H2><A NAME="ss3.7">3.7</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc3.7">Why masquerade your \
browser and how to do it.</A> </H2>

<P>This is best accomplished with Firefox and Galeon browsers.</P>

<H2><A NAME="ss3.8">3.8</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc3.8">Documentation for \
web browsers.</A> </H2>

<P>The Mozilla project has built a neat system of web browser documentation.</P>

<P>How to set up email.</P>

<P>Choose your mail agent.</P>

<P>Write down your ISP's email server names.</P>

<P>Incoming</P>

<P>Outgoing </P>

<P>Test.</P>

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<HR>
<H2>Introduction: Getting documentation and more programs is easy with UserLinux.</H2>

<P>Menu access and command line access to apt-get.</P>

<P>UserLinux has the wonderful apt-get tool for getting documentation
and programs from the internet.</P>

<H3>Specific apt-get commands for UserLinux Help topics.</H3>

<P>apt-get update</P>

<P>apt-cache search "xxxx"</P>

<P>apt-cache show </P>

<P>apt-get install xxx</P>

<H3>Documentation overload. Finding the information you need without overload.</H3>

<P>Buying a selected Linux library.</P>

<P>Remainder and returned textbooks sources.</P>

<H3></H3>

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<HR>
<H2>Introduction. Simple steps you can take in the next 30 minutes.</H2>

<P>Make a boot disk.</P>

<P>Copy files to floppy.</P>

<P>Copy files to CD.</P>

<H3>Backup and recovery Documentation</H3>

<P>Linux Documentation project.</P>

<P>Books.</P>

<H3></H3>

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<H2>Introduction: Simple things to check.</H2>

<P>Try playing a music CD.</P>

<P>Check for cable from CD-drive to motherboard.</P>

<P>Check for sound drivers installed.</P>

<P>Download alsa-sound and install alsa drivers.</P>

<P>Play a sound test file.</P>

<P>Turn up volume on volume control.</P>

<P>Test speakers.</P>

<H3>Download and install RealPlayer 10.</H3>

<P>Remove un-necessary sound cards from mid-age motherboard machines.</P>

<H3>Documentation for Sound troubleshooting.</H3>

<P>LDP.</P>

<P>Docfiles on the basic system.</P>

<P>apt-get documentation.</P>

<H3></H3>

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<H2><A NAME="s7">7.</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc7">USB Universal serial bus \
Getting devices working</A></H2>

<H2><A NAME="ss7.1">7.1</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc7.1">Introduction: Very \
aggravating to buy stuff that does not work.</A> </H2>

<P>Support eventually shows up.</P>

<P>Kernel 2.6 is really great.</P>

<P>Consider removing add-in USB cards.</P>

<P>Research working devices before buying.</P>

<H2><A NAME="ss7.2">7.2</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc7.2">Tests for verifying \
the USB systems.</A> </H2>

<P>LSPCI</P>

<P>cat /proc/usb/...</P>

<P>ps aux | grep </P>

<H2><A NAME="ss7.3">7.3</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc7.3">Documentation for \
USB troubleshooting.</A> </H2>

<P>LDP.</P>

<P>Internet.</P>

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<H2><A NAME="s8">8.</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc8">Getting internet connectivity.</A></H2>

<H2><A NAME="ss8.1">8.1</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc8.1">Aggravation Zero:</A>
</H2>

<P>It can be pretty aggravating to not have internet connectivity.</P>

Many points of this UserLinux Help file presume you have a working
internet connection. Here are some tests and starting points for
establishing an internet connection.

<P>Tests to see what parts of your internet connectivity are working.</P>

<P>Ping</P>

<P>Ifconfig</P>

<P>Route</P>

<P>Dig</P>

<P>Look at ethernet card lights.</P>

<P>Configuring dial up.</P>

<P>Dial yourself.</P>

<P>Dial your ISP</P>

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<H2><A NAME="s9">9.</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc9">Hardware \
troubleshooting.</A></H2>

<H2><A NAME="ss9.1">9.1</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc9.1">Introduction: \
Eliminate hardware when troubleshooting persistent</A>  problems.</H2>

<P>Always turn computer off when doing hardware tests.</P>

<P>Get a pad of paper and copy down card identification.</P>

<P>Test RAM memory.</P>

<P>Remove hardware cards.</P>

<P>Look at LAN card indicator lights.</P>

<H2><A NAME="ss9.2">9.2</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35.html#toc9.2">Documentation for \
hardware troubleshooting.</A> </H2>

<P>Web search using card identification.</P>

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<H1>UserLinuxHelp</H1>

<H2></H2>Date October 26, 2004LeeMcKusick
<HR>
Help getting UserLinux working. Show you step by step how to
 get some applications and services working. Pointers to further information.
<HR>

<H2><A NAME="toc1">1.</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-1.html">Printing help</A></H2>

<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc1.1">1.1</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-1.html#ss1.1">UserLinux uses \
the Cups printing system. </A> <LI><A NAME="toc1.2">1.2</A> <A \
HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-1.html#ss1.2">Here are printer control pages and commands</A> \
<LI><A NAME="toc1.3">1.3</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-1.html#ss1.3">Tests to verify \
printing components are OK</A> <LI><A NAME="toc1.4">1.4</A> <A \
HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-1.html#ss1.4">Documentation on Cups and printing</A> </UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc2">2.</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-2.html">Grub boot loader</A></H2>

<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc2.1">2.1</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-2.html#ss2.1">UserLinux uses \
the Grub Boot Loader for starting the computer.</A> <LI><A NAME="toc2.2">2.2</A> <A \
HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-2.html#ss2.2">Here are Grub boot loader control pages and \
commands.</A> <LI><A NAME="toc2.3">2.3</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-2.html#ss2.3">How \
to make a boot floppy.</A> <LI><A NAME="toc2.4">2.4</A> <A \
HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-2.html#ss2.4">How to make Grub boot a second Linux distribution \
on a 2nd hard</A> <LI><A NAME="toc2.5">2.5</A> <A \
HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-2.html#ss2.5">Documentation for the Grub boot loader.</A> </UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc3">3.</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-3.html">Web browsers, install Java \
and add other capabilities.</A></H2>

<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc3.1">3.1</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-3.html#ss3.1">Add Java and \
other capabilities to match proprietary systems.</A> <LI><A NAME="toc3.2">3.2</A> <A \
HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-3.html#ss3.2">Steps to install Java</A> <LI><A \
NAME="toc3.3">3.3</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-3.html#ss3.3">Get the Java runtime \
</A> <LI><A NAME="toc3.4">3.4</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-3.html#ss3.4">Make a \
system location and move the runtime.</A> <LI><A NAME="toc3.5">3.5</A> <A \
HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-3.html#ss3.5">Restart browser and verify the Java plugin \
runs</A> <LI><A NAME="toc3.6">3.6</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-3.html#ss3.6">Clear \
old cookies to run selected game sites.</A> <LI><A NAME="toc3.7">3.7</A> <A \
HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-3.html#ss3.7">Why masquerade your browser and how to do it.</A> \
<LI><A NAME="toc3.8">3.8</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-3.html#ss3.8">Documentation for \
web browsers.</A> </UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc4">4.</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-4.html">How to get documentation \
and programs</A></H2>

<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc5">5.</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-5.html">Backup and disaster \
recovery</A></H2>

<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc6">6.</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-6.html">Sound, steps to get it \
working.</A></H2>

<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc7">7.</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-7.html">USB Universal serial bus \
Getting devices working</A></H2>

<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc7.1">7.1</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-7.html#ss7.1">Introduction: \
Very aggravating to buy stuff that does not work.</A> <LI><A NAME="toc7.2">7.2</A> <A \
HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-7.html#ss7.2">Tests for verifying the USB systems.</A> <LI><A \
NAME="toc7.3">7.3</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-7.html#ss7.3">Documentation for USB \
troubleshooting.</A> </UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc8">8.</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-8.html">Getting internet \
connectivity.</A></H2>

<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc8.1">8.1</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-8.html#ss8.1">Aggravation \
Zero:</A> </UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc9">9.</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-9.html">Hardware \
troubleshooting.</A></H2>

<UL>
<LI><A NAME="toc9.1">9.1</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-9.html#ss9.1">Introduction: \
Eliminate hardware when troubleshooting persistent</A> <LI><A NAME="toc9.2">9.2</A> \
<A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-9.html#ss9.2">Documentation for hardware \
troubleshooting.</A> </UL>
<P>
<H2><A NAME="toc10">10.</A> <A HREF="UserLInuxHelp35-10.html">Secure your system. Use \
hard-to-guess passwords everywhere.</A></H2>

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