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Subject: Re: [postgis-users] Measure distance to nearest border
From: Andreas_Forĝ_Tollefsen <andreasft () gmail ! com>
Date: 2010-10-22 7:01:27
Message-ID: AANLkTimCvLuyQtr=vHJCPWcY8eTViaNipHF=SkDSMAki () mail ! gmail ! com
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Thanks. Solved!
That worked like a charm.
Exactly what i wanted.
Andreas
2010/10/21 Nicklas Avén <nicklas.aven@jordogskog.no>
> Ok
>
> still don't get the second query. If I understand you right you could try
> this:
>
> CREATE TABLE borddisttest2 AS
> select a.gid, a.cell, MIN(ST_Distance(a.centroid, b.the_geom)) AS distance
> FROM pgfinal2008 a, cshapes b, cshapes c WHERE a.gwcode != b.gwcode AND
> b.gwsyear <= 2008 AND b.gweyear >= 2008 and a.gwcode = c.gwcode and
> st_intersects(b.the_geom, c.the_geom)
> GROUP BY a.gid LIMIT 1;
> Here I assume that every country only have one representation in cshape.
> What I do is that I try to only get the countries that intersects with the
> country that has the same gwcode as the cell you are calculating.
>
> Here it is essential to have spatial index on the country-polygons and the
> centriod-point
> You should also have index on gwsyear, gweyear and gwcode in both
> pgfinal2008 and cshapes.
>
> I guess your limit 1 is just for testing purposes
>
> Probably you could make it quite a lot faster if you could trick it to inly
> do the intersection process once per country and not once per cell.
>
> Right now I don't see any good way to do that. Hopefully someone else sees
> a solution to that, or I will return if it comes to me.
>
> But maybe, if I recall right there were some discussions here that
> postgresql can cache results from one row to another. If soo it should work
> by itself or at least if you order your query by the gwcode so it takes all
> grid cells from one country first.
>
> /Nicklas
>
>
> 2010-10-21 Andreas Forĝ Tollefsen wrote:
>
> Ok. I will try to explain more in detail.>
> I have a vector grid consisting of 64818 grid cells. Each of these cells
> are stored in the pgfinal2008 table, with two geometries variables: centroid
> (point) and cell (polygon).
> >
> Each grid cell have a gwcode variable which is the country code.
> >
>
> >
> >
> In addition i have a table with all countries represented by polygons, and
> a table with all countries represented by their boundaries (line).
> >
>
> >
> >
> What i want to do is to measure the distance from each cell to the closest
> border..
> >
>
> >
> >
> While a simple measure of ST_Distance(pgfinal2008.centroid,
> cshapes.the_geom) WHERE pgfinal2008.gwcode != cshapes.gwcode will measure
> the distances, it will measure to all the polygons where the gwcode is
> different.
> >
> However, I can apply a MIN() function to select the nearest of these,
> though this will take considerable time since every cell need to be measured
> to every country.
> >
>
> >
> >
> What i need to solve is how to limit the distance to measuring only to
> neighbouring countries of the country the cell is located.
> >
>
> >
> >
> Thanks for your help Nicklas.
> >
>
> >
> >
>
> >
> >>
> 2010/10/21 Nicklas Avén <nicklas.aven@jordogskog.no>
> > >
> >
> hmm, I have to admit I don't really understand what you are trying to do,
> but there are some thingsI don't think you really mean.
> >
> >
>
> >
> select a.gid, MIN(ST_Distance(a.centroid, b.the_geom)) AS distance FROM
> pgfinal2008 a, cshapes b, cshapes c WHERE a.gwcode != b.gwcode AND b.gwsyear
> <= 2008 AND b.gweyear >= 2008 GROUP BY a.gid LIMIT 1;
> >
>
> > Why do you have, cshapes c, there. if you have 200 countries in it taking
> away that will reduce the querytime to 1/200
> >
> What you get here is theclosest country from your first grid cell.
> >
> >
>
> >
> >
> SELECT pgfinal2008.cell, borddisttest2.gid, MIN(borddisttest2.distance)
> FROM borddisttest2, pgfinal2008 WHERE borddisttest2.gid = pgfinal2008.gid
> GROUP BY pgfinal2008.cell, borddisttest2.gid;
> >
> >
> This I don't get. Do you have many rows in pgfinal2008 with the same value
> in pgfinal2008.cell but different pgfinal2008.gid. What is "cell"?
> >
>
> >
> /Nicklas
> >
> >
>
> >
> >
>
> >
>
> > 2010-10-21 Andreas Forĝ Tollefsen wrote:
> >
> > Thanks.>
> >
> I have found a way to do this calculation.
> > >
> However, since i gave 64818 cells and almost 200 countries, the distance
> from every cell to every country is calculated before the minimum distance
> is selected.
> > >
> This takes awful lot of time.
> > >
>
> > >
> > >
> Any ideas on how to increase the performance?
> > >
>
> > >
> > >
> > >
> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS borddisttest2;
> > >
> CREATE TABLE borddisttest2 AS
> > >
> select a.gid, MIN(ST_Distance(a.centroid, b.the_geom)) AS distance FROM
> pgfinal2008 a, cshapes b, cshapes c WHERE a.gwcode != b.gwcode AND b.gwsyear
> <= 2008 AND b.gweyear >= 2008 GROUP BY a.gid LIMIT 1;
> > >
>
> > >
> > >
> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS borddist2008;
> > >
> CREATE TABLE borddist2008 AS
> > >
> SELECT pgfinal2008.cell, borddisttest2.gid, MIN(borddisttest2.distance)
> FROM borddisttest2, pgfinal2008 WHERE borddisttest2.gid = pgfinal2008.gid
> > >
> GROUP BY pgfinal2008.cell, borddisttest2.gid;
>
> > >> >
> 2010/10/13 Nicklas Avén <nicklas.aven@jordogskog.no>
> > > > >
> > >
> Hi
> > >
>
> > >
> You can not cast to geography that way (if I haven't missed something
> essential)
> > > And if you could you would mix geometry and geograph type in
> ST_Distance, which wouldn't work.
> > >
>
> > >
> St_Distance for geometry vs geography uses totally differnt algorithms. The
> geography calculations is far more advanced.
> > >
>
> > >
> ST_Shortestline only works for geometry type.
> > >
>
> > >
> /Nicklas
> > >
> > >
>
> > >
> > >
>
> > >
>
> > > 2010-10-13 Andreas Forĝ Tollefsen wrote:
> > >
> > > Hi>
> > >
>
> > > >
> > > >
> Thanks,
> > > >
> I will give it a try.
> > > >
> The reason I used the geography types in the distance query, were to get
> the distance in meters instead of degrees.
> > > >
>
> > > >
> >
> > >
> Andreas
> > > >
> > > >> > >
> > >
> > >
>
> > >
> 2010/10/13 Nicklas Avén <nicklas.aven@jordogskog.no>
> > > > > > >
> > > >
> Hi
> > > >
>
> > > >
> As I understand you you want to get the distance from each cell to the
> closest neighbour country. Then, why don't you just query the distance from
> your cell to closest country with other gwcode?
> > > >
> Maybe something like:
> > > >
>
> > > >
> Create table borddisttest as
> > > >
> Select ST_Distance(st_collect(b.the_geom), c.centroid)
> > > >
> from cshapes a, cshapes b, pgfinal2008 c
> > > >
> where a.gwcode=c.gwcode and b.gwcode != c.gwcode and
> st_intersects(a.the_geom, b.the_geom)
> > > >
> group by c.gwcode and c.the_geom;
> > > >
> > > >
> With some tweaking like ordering the cells by gwcode I don't think the
> intersection calculation have to be done for each cell. Otherwise this is a
> very bad approach if there are many grid-cells.
> > > >
>
> > > >
> indexing on gwcode on both tables and spatial index on the country geoms
> for the intersection will also be of importance.
> > > >
>
> > > >
> I don't understand:
> > > >
> geography(pgfinal2008.centroid)
> > > >
>
> > > >
> what does geography means here?
> > > >
>
> > > >
> I would also go for calculating the centroids on the fly. It should be fast
> and you will not get the trouble of updating the centroid column if
> adjustuing the grid.
> > > >
>
> > > >
> About doing calculations comparing geometries inside a dataset you use self
> join.
> > > >
>
> > > >
> You can join a table with itself as long as you put an alias so you can
> identify them like I did above with a, b and c
> > > >
>
> > > >
> Well, I am not sure I answered the right question but anyway...
> > > >
> HTH
> > > >
> Nicklas
> > > >
> > > >
>
> > > >
> > > >
>
> > > > 2010-10-13 Andreas Forĝ Tollefsen wrote:
> > > >
> > > > >
> > > >
> Hi all,
> > > > >
>
> > > > >
> > > > >
> I have two datasets. On is a quadrate grid, and the other is the boundaries
> of all countries.
> > > > >
> What i want to do is to measure the distance from each centroid of the grid
> cells to the nearest border, but not all borders. Only the international.
> > > > >
>
> > > > >
> > > > >
> First i convert my country polygon dataset into line features:
> > > > >
> > > > >
> select gwcode, gwsyear, gweyear, ST_Boundary(the_geom) AS line Into
> cshapes_line from cshapes;
> > > > >
>
> > > > >
> > > > >
> Next i calculate the distance from the centroid of each cell to the nearest
> border where the gwcode (country code) of the cell is the same as the gwcode
> in the line feature.
> > > > >
> drop table if exists borddisttest;
> > > > >
> select pgfinal2008.cell, pgfinal2008.gwcode,
> ST_ShortestLine(pgfinal2008.centroid, st_boundary(cshapes.the_geom))
> > > > >
> AS shortestline, ST_Distance(geography(pgfinal2008.centroid),
> st_boundary(cshapes.the_geom))/1000 AS borddist
> > > > >
> into borddisttest
> > > > >
> from cshapes, pgfinal2008
> > > > >
> where cshapes.gwcode = pgfinal2008.gwcode;
> > > > >
>
> > > > >
> > > > >
> The problem here is that when using ST_Boundary, it converts all boundaries
> into lines, while i only want to get the boundaries where two polygons with
> different gwcodes meet.
> > > > >
> The lines where two countries meet are overlapping, meaning these borders
> have two gwcodes but in different line entries.
> > > > >
>
> > > > >
> > > > >
> Is there a way to calculate the overlaps within one dataset? If i could do
> this, then i could put a clause so the measurement only measures to lines
> with 2 or more gwcodes.
> > > > >
>
> > > > >
> > > > >
> Thanks.
>
> > > >_______________________________________________
> > > > postgis-users mailing list
> > > >postgis-users@postgis.refractions.net
> > >
> > >
> >postgis.refractions.net/mailman/listinfo/postgis-users
> > > >
> > > >
>
> > > >
>
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> > > postgis-users mailing list
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> > >postgis.refractions.net/mailman/listinfo/postgis-users
> > >
> > >
>
> > >
>
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Thanks. Solved!<div>That worked like a charm.</div><div>Exactly what i wanted. \
</div><div><br></div><div>Andreas<br><br><div class="gmail_quote">2010/10/21 Nicklas \
Avén <span dir="ltr"><<a \
href="mailto:nicklas.aven@jordogskog.no">nicklas.aven@jordogskog.no</a>></span><br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc \
solid;padding-left:1ex;">
<div>
<div align="left">Ok</div>
<div align="left"> </div>
<div align="left">still don't get the second query. If I understand you right you \
could try this:</div>
<div align="left"> </div>
<div align="left">CREATE TABLE borddisttest2 AS</div>
<div align="left">select a.gid, a.cell, MIN(ST_Distance(a.centroid, b.the_geom)) AS \
distance FROM pgfinal2008 a, cshapes b, cshapes c WHERE a.gwcode != b.gwcode AND \
b.gwsyear <= 2008 AND b.gweyear >= 2008 and a.gwcode = c.gwcode and \
st_intersects(b.the_geom, c.the_geom)</div> <div class="im">
<div align="left">GROUP BY a.gid LIMIT 1;<br>
</div>
</div><div align="left">Here I assume that every country only have one representation \
in cshape.</div>
<div align="left">What I do is that I try to only get the countries that intersects \
with the country that has the same gwcode as the cell you are calculating. </div>
<div align="left"> </div>
<div align="left">Here it is essential to have spatial index on the country-polygons \
and the centriod-point</div>
<div align="left">You should also have index on gwsyear, gweyear and gwcode in both \
pgfinal2008 and cshapes.</div>
<div align="left"> </div>
<div align="left">I guess your limit 1 is just for testing purposes</div>
<div align="left"> </div>
<div align="left">Probably you could make it quite a lot faster if you could trick it \
to inly do the intersection process once per country and not once per cell.</div>
<div align="left"> </div>
<div align="left">Right now I don't see any good way to do that. Hopefully \
someone else sees a solution to that, or I will return if it comes to me.</div>
<div align="left"> </div>
<div align="left">But maybe, if I recall right there were some discussions here that \
postgresql can cache results from one row to another. If soo it should work by itself \
or at least if you order your query by the gwcode so it takes all grid cells from one \
country first.</div> <div><div></div><div class="h5">
<div align="left"> </div>
<div align="left">/Nicklas</div>
<div align="left"> </div>
<div align="left"><br>
2010-10-21 Andreas Forĝ Tollefsen wrote:<br>
<br>
Ok. I will try to explain more in detail.></div>
<div>I have a vector grid consisting of 64818 grid cells. Each of these cells are \
stored in the pgfinal2008 table, with two geometries variables: centroid (point) and \
cell (polygon).</div>>
<div>Each grid cell have a gwcode variable which is the country code. </div>>
<div><br>
></div>>
<div>In addition i have a table with all countries represented by polygons, and a \
table with all countries represented by their boundaries (line).</div>>
<div><br>
></div>>
<div>What i want to do is to measure the distance from each cell to the closest \
border..</div>>
<div><br>
></div>>
<div>While a simple measure of ST_Distance(pgfinal2008.centroid, cshapes.the_geom) \
WHERE pgfinal2008.gwcode != cshapes.gwcode will measure the distances, it will \
measure to all the polygons where the gwcode is different.</div> >
<div>However, I can apply a MIN() function to select the nearest of these, though \
this will take considerable time since every cell need to be measured to every \
country.</div>>
<div><br>
></div>>
<div>What i need to solve is how to limit the distance to measuring only to \
neighbouring countries of the country the cell is located.</div>>
<div><br>
></div>>
<div>Thanks for your help Nicklas.</div>>
<div><br>
></div>>
<div><br>
><br>
>>
<div>2010/10/21 Nicklas Avén <<a>nicklas.aven@jordogskog.no</a>><br>
> >
<div>>
<div align="left">hmm, I have to admit I don't really understand what you are \
trying to do, but there are some thingsI don't think you really mean.</div>>
<div>>
<div align="left"> </div>>
<div align="left">select a.gid, MIN(ST_Distance(a.centroid, b.the_geom)) AS distance \
FROM pgfinal2008 a, cshapes b, cshapes c WHERE a.gwcode != b.gwcode AND b.gwsyear \
<= 2008 AND b.gweyear >= 2008 GROUP BY a.gid LIMIT 1;</div> </div>>
<div align="left"><br>
> Why do you have, cshapes c, there. if you have 200 countries in it taking \
away that will reduce the querytime to 1/200</div>>
<div align="left">What you get here is theclosest country from your first grid \
cell.</div>>
<div>>
<div align="left"> </div>>
<div align="left">>
<div>SELECT pgfinal2008.cell, borddisttest2.gid, MIN(borddisttest2.distance) FROM \
borddisttest2, pgfinal2008 WHERE borddisttest2.gid = pgfinal2008.gid</div>GROUP BY \
pgfinal2008.cell, borddisttest2.gid;<br> ></div></div>>
<div align="left">This I don't get. Do you have many rows in pgfinal2008 with the \
same value in pgfinal2008.cell but different pgfinal2008.gid. What is \
"cell"? </div>>
<div align="left"> </div><span style="color:#888888"></span>>
<div align="left">/Nicklas</div>>
<div>>
<div> </div>>
<div>>
<div align="left"> </div>>
<div align="left"><br>
> 2010-10-21 Andreas Forĝ Tollefsen wrote:<br>
><br>
> Thanks.></div>>
<div>I have found a way to do this calculation.</div>> >
<div>However, since i gave 64818 cells and almost 200 countries, the distance from \
every cell to every country is calculated before the minimum distance is \
selected.</div>> >
<div>This takes awful lot of time.</div>> >
<div><br>
> ></div>> >
<div>Any ideas on how to increase the performance?</div>> >
<div><br>
> ></div>> >
<div>> >
<div>DROP TABLE IF EXISTS borddisttest2;</div>> >
<div>CREATE TABLE borddisttest2 AS</div>> >
<div>select a.gid, MIN(ST_Distance(a.centroid, b.the_geom)) AS distance FROM \
pgfinal2008 a, cshapes b, cshapes c WHERE a.gwcode != b.gwcode AND b.gwsyear <= \
2008 AND b.gweyear >= 2008 GROUP BY a.gid LIMIT 1;</div>> >
<div><br>
> ></div>> >
<div>DROP TABLE IF EXISTS borddist2008;</div>> >
<div>CREATE TABLE borddist2008 AS</div>> >
<div>SELECT pgfinal2008.cell, borddisttest2.gid, MIN(borddisttest2.distance) FROM \
borddisttest2, pgfinal2008 WHERE borddisttest2.gid = pgfinal2008.gid</div>> >
<div>GROUP BY pgfinal2008.cell, borddisttest2.gid;</div><br>
> >> >
<div>2010/10/13 Nicklas Avén <<a>nicklas.aven@jordogskog.no</a>><br>
> > > >
<div>> >
<div align="left">Hi</div>> >
<div align="left"> </div>> >
<div align="left">You can not cast to geography that way (if I haven't missed \
something essential)<br>
> > And if you could you would mix geometry and geograph type in \
ST_Distance, which wouldn't work.</div>> >
<div align="left"> </div>> >
<div align="left">St_Distance for geometry vs geography uses totally differnt \
algorithms. The geography calculations is far more advanced. </div>> >
<div align="left"> </div>> >
<div align="left">ST_Shortestline only works for geometry type.</div>> >
<div align="left"> </div>> >
<div align="left">/Nicklas</div>> >
<div>> >
<div> </div>> >
<div>> >
<div align="left"> </div>> >
<div align="left"><br>
> > 2010-10-13 Andreas Forĝ Tollefsen wrote:<br>
> ><br>
> > Hi></div>> >
<div><br>
> > ></div>> > >
<div>Thanks,</div>> > >
<div>I will give it a try.</div>> > >
<div>The reason I used the geography types in the distance query, were to get the \
distance in meters instead of degrees.</div>> > >
<div><br>
> > ></div>> </div></div>> >
<div>Andreas<br>
> > ><br>
> > >> > >
<div>> >
<div>> >
<div> </div>> >
<div>2010/10/13 Nicklas Avén <<a>nicklas.aven@jordogskog.no</a>><br>
> > > > > >
<div>> > >
<div align="left">Hi</div>> > >
<div align="left"> </div>> > >
<div align="left">As I understand you you want to get the distance from each cell to \
the closest neighbour country. Then, why don't you just query the distance from \
your cell to closest country with other gwcode?</div> > > >
<div align="left">Maybe something like:</div>> > >
<div align="left"> </div>> > >
<div align="left">Create table borddisttest as</div>> > >
<div align="left">Select ST_Distance(st_collect(b.the_geom), c.centroid)</div>> \
> >
<div align="left">from cshapes a, cshapes b, pgfinal2008 c</div>> > >
<div align="left">where a.gwcode=c.gwcode and b.gwcode != c.gwcode and \
st_intersects(a.the_geom, b.the_geom)</div>> > >
<div align="left">group by c.gwcode and c.the_geom;<br>
> > ></div>> > >
<div align="left">With some tweaking like ordering the cells by gwcode I don't \
think the intersection calculation have to be done for each cell. Otherwise this is a \
very bad approach if there are many grid-cells.</div> > > >
<div align="left"> </div>> > >
<div align="left">indexing on gwcode on both tables and spatial index on the country \
geoms for the intersection will also be of importance.</div>> > >
<div align="left"> </div>> > >
<div align="left">I don't understand:</div>> > >
<div align="left">geography(pgfinal2008.centroid)</div>> > >
<div align="left"> </div>> > >
<div align="left">what does geography means here?</div>> > >
<div align="left"> </div>> > >
<div align="left">I would also go for calculating the centroids on the fly. It should \
be fast and you will not get the trouble of updating the centroid column if \
adjustuing the grid.</div>> > >
<div align="left"> </div>> > >
<div align="left">About doing calculations comparing geometries inside a dataset you \
use self join. </div>> > >
<div align="left"> </div>> > >
<div align="left">You can join a table with itself as long as you put an alias so you \
can identify them like I did above with a, b and c</div>> > >
<div align="left"> </div>> > >
<div align="left">Well, I am not sure I answered the right question but \
anyway...</div>> > >
<div align="left">HTH</div>> > >
<div align="left">Nicklas</div>> > >
<div>> > >
<div> </div>> > >
<div>> > >
<div align="left"><br>
> > > 2010-10-13 Andreas Forĝ Tollefsen wrote:<br>
> > ><br>
> > > ></div>> > >
<div>Hi all,</div>> > > >
<div><br>
> > > ></div>> > > >
<div>I have two datasets. On is a quadrate grid, and the other is the boundaries of \
all countries.</div>> > > >
<div>What i want to do is to measure the distance from each centroid of the grid \
cells to the nearest border, but not all borders. Only the international.</div>> \
> > >
<div><br>
> > > ></div>> > > >
<div>First i convert my country polygon dataset into line features:</div>> > \
> >
<div>> > > >
<div>select gwcode, gwsyear, gweyear, ST_Boundary(the_geom) AS line Into cshapes_line \
from cshapes;</div>> > > >
<div><br>
> > > ></div>> > > >
<div>Next i calculate the distance from the centroid of each cell to the nearest \
border where the gwcode (country code) of the cell is the same as the gwcode in the \
line feature.</div>> > > >
<div>drop table if exists borddisttest;</div>> > > >
<div>select pgfinal2008.cell, pgfinal2008.gwcode, \
ST_ShortestLine(pgfinal2008.centroid, st_boundary(cshapes.the_geom)) </div>> > \
> >
<div>AS shortestline, ST_Distance(geography(pgfinal2008.centroid), \
st_boundary(cshapes.the_geom))/1000 AS borddist </div>> > > >
<div>into borddisttest </div>> > > >
<div>from cshapes, pgfinal2008 </div>> > > >
<div>where cshapes.gwcode = pgfinal2008.gwcode;</div></div>> > > >
<div><br>
> > > ></div>> > > >
<div>The problem here is that when using ST_Boundary, it converts all boundaries into \
lines, while i only want to get the boundaries where two polygons with different \
gwcodes meet.</div>> > > >
<div>The lines where two countries meet are overlapping, meaning these borders have \
two gwcodes but in different line entries.</div>> > > >
<div><br>
> > > ></div>> > > >
<div>Is there a way to calculate the overlaps within one dataset? If i could do this, \
then i could put a clause so the measurement only measures to lines with 2 or more \
gwcodes.</div>> > > >
<div><br>
> > > ></div>> > > >
<div>Thanks.</div></div></div></div><br>
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