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List: kde-artists
Subject: K-ARTIST: icon guide concept 2
From: Ante Wessels <vitanova2 () softhome ! net>
Date: 2004-02-03 14:03:41
Message-ID: 200402031456.09709.vitanova2 () softhome ! net
[Download RAW message or body]
Says it all!
Cordialemente,
Ante
******
The most up to date info for kde artists can be found at the wiki:
http://kde.ground.cz/tiki-index.php?page=KDE+Artists
Scripts for kde artists, like svg2png4kde, add border, add drop shadow, change
filename, file conversion:
http://home.uwnet.nl/~vita/linux/index.html
Web course italian, poem generator, poetry, stories and visual art:
http://home.uwnet.nl/~vita
["iconguide.txt" (text/plain)]
Second concept
(It already has some wiki lay-out such as !!! )
!!!Introduction
Welcome to the KDE Crystal SVG Icon Guide, about the KDE default icon set originated \
by Everaldo. This document attempts to specify the look of the icons for \
applications used in KDE. The goal of this guide is to provide some rules-of-thumb \
for artists to create their icons so that KDE software will have a consistent \
look-and-feel and won't look like patchwork. The guidelines in this style guide are \
meant to be applied on all icons in KDE-CVS. This new guide is based on the former, \
written by Torsten. He gave permission to grab what we needed, for which we kindly \
thank him.
Did you ever see a traffic-sign showing a photorealistic train? Certainly not: \
traffic-signs were designed to make it easy to recognize them and get their meaning \
very fast. Therefore they are kept simple: They are very plain, symbolic and consist \
of very few colors. Icons used in desktop environments have a similar aim: they \
should be designed in a way that makes it easy to get their 'message' fast. On the \
other side the typical user wants to have a desktop that doesn't look ugly or too \
technical.
The current look of the KDE-icons is a compromise between icons that look very \
symbolic and near-photorealistic icons. The design that results from these guidelines \
can be described as being "cartoonish".
Let's take a look at some pitfalls in icon-making.
*************************************
Icon Boot Camp
!!!Pixels and Vectors
Icons are pixel images or vector images. Both have their pitfalls. Understanding \
these pitfalls will make you a better iconmaker.
[I kept it concise, it is an introduction to boot camp. "The instructor wants his \
artists wide awake"]
Icons used to be made as pixel icons. Often the artist would make a 32x32 icon, and \
then scale it down to 16x16. Scaling the icon down makes it fuzzy, the artist had to \
repair it. Sometimes the 32x32 icon had to be simplified in order to make it possible \
to scale it down. Going back and forth between the icons the artist produced two \
icons that looked the same. Each time a new size is added a new icon has to be made. \
The number of icons in a set can become so big, the icon set becomes unmaintainable. \
Enter vectors.
Vector images can be scaled. This way, theoretically, an artist just has to make one \
icon. Unfortunately, at small sizes every pixel counts, you can't leave scaling to \
small sizes to a program. You need hand-optimized icons for the smaller sizes anyway. \
Another problem with vector icons is that they are often made at the spacious 128x128 \
size. The artist gets lost in space, starts to make landscapes full of details. \
Scaled down you just get a blur... Artists new at icon-making miss a historical \
background, they did not learn in the pixel era to keep it simple.
With a few simple exercises we want to give you a feel for the importance of keeping \
icons simple. First some words about recognizability. Let's pretend we are old-school \
philosophers, take one principle and explain the whole icon-world from it.
!!!Icons are Recognizable
They should be recognizable at all levels.
- The Symbolic level. A notebook and pencil together are symbolic for a simple text \
editor, a notebook and a fountain pen for a more advanced text editor. A car, a \
bucket and a brush symbolize an application to wash a car.
Icons never walk alone, in fact, they come in floods. Traffic rules are needed. In \
kde for instance, the K and the gearwheel are reserved for the desktop as a whole and \
the core elements.
- The Object level. Objects often have an archetypal form and deviations from that \
form. You can have a classical watch or a swatch. Someone looking for a tool to set \
the system time may overlook the swatch, he will not overlook the classical watch.
Each one of us has an other image of a classical watch in his mind. You may have \
experienced being in a supermarket, looking for a certain product, while having the \
wrong image of it in your mind. It is hard to find then, while with the right image \
in mind it is spotted instantly. For this reason the artist should not follow his own \
image and paint it as he sees it in his mind's eye. He should bring it down to the \
essential elements. Pictogramms are often cartoonish. Instantly recognizable for all.
It is time to mention the general design principle KISS - the abbreviation stands for \
"Keep It Simple, Stupid". KISS applies to all fields of design, whether it be \
cell-phones, taxes or icons. While artists may love to paint beautiful paintings, \
icons need simple symbols. Think Icon, Not Painting. Be a follower of KISS.
- The Shapes level. You travel by train to a big city you do not know yet. You pass \
the industrial outskirts, you see many non-descript buildings, and forget them \
immediately. On the other hand, if you ever saw an image of the Empire State \
Building, you will always recognize it. Some shapes stand out, others do not. You \
will not mistake a Mondrian for a Monet.
- The Assembly level. Shapes together form an assembled shape. This shape too can \
stand out or not. Icon sets may enhance the assembly shape with an outline. An \
example of an assembly shape is the skyline of New York.
Here we can mention the empty shape too. You probable know the images with two faces \
looking at each other, seen en face. Some see the two faces, other see a chandelier \
in between them. With two wine bottles, one a bit in front of the other, in between \
them you can see a beautiful v like form. The empty shape is the glue in images. It \
too can stand out or not.
- The Sizes level. Now we scale the image down to 16x16. All details are lost, but \
that should not be a problem. Do we still recognize the notebook and the pencil? Can \
we distinguish the pencil from the fountain pen? Do we exclaim: Hee, a miniature \
Empire State Building? Do we recognize the skyline of New York? Is it, though \
smaller, basically the same image?
With this in mind, log out from kde, start an old-school windowmanager, in which the \
icons were drawn pixel by pixel. Poke around, look at the bigger and the smaller \
icons. Which ones are good, which ones are not? Do these rules apply, can you make \
better rules? Then log into kde again, look at the icons. What do you see?
!!!Icon Boot Camp
Want to learn to draw icons? Enlist in Icon Boot Camp!
!!!* First Assignment *
Make an icon for an application to wash a car (or any other application). Here is \
the specification: it has to be a 2D pixel image, size 32x32 pixels, in black and \
white on a transparent background. Black and white icons are hard to make, you can \
not use colors to set objects apart. You will have to keep it 2D. Making a black and \
white icon may be the most valueable learning expercience you ever get (in the icon \
field...). For pixel images you can for instance use the GIMP.
Ready? Save the image as a png.
Next step. Scale the image to 16x16; scaling goes better after indexing (Gimp: image \
- indexed - black/white palette) . It will need repair now. Repair it and save it \
under a new name. Does it look the same as the 32x32 icon? Of course the bigger icon \
can have more detail. But overall the icons have to look the same. May be you have to \
simplify the bigger icon a bit to make it possible to scale it down. Play with it \
till you have Visual Consistency. You will have noticed that every pixels counts, \
especially in the 16x16 icon. Making black and white icons really learns you to Keep \
It Simple.
Optional: add color to your icon. You will now have a 2D color icon. This is the way \
in the old days the MacOS icons were made. First black and white, then color. It \
results in visual consistency between black and white icons and color icons. Since \
that time icons grew bigger, became full color. With full color the artist can add \
gradients, suggest 3D. Never there will be visual consistency again between black and \
white icons and color ones... Icons became more beautiful, but not more effective.
More on [http://home.uwnet.nl/~vita/linux|black and white icons]
!!!* Second Assignment *
Make a new icon, 32x32, 3D, full color. Keep a 1 pixel transparent border around your \
drawing. Then make the 16x16 icon, also with transparent border, and work on both \
till you have visual consistency. There are tricks to use, like sharpen, but first \
try it pixel by pixel. Can you beat the tricks?
Take a look at the 16 icon. How many major objects does it have? (fi car, bucket, \
brush) How many sub-objects does the biggest major object have? (fi car: body, 2 \
wheels, 2 windows) How many sub-objects does the smallest major object have? How big \
are these sub-objects, how many pixels do they use? Is the count the same for the 32 \
icon?
You now have an idea about how many objects and sub-objects an icon can have.
Still got the 1 pixel border? Now add a black outline to both icons. How do you like \
them best - with or without outline? Should the outline be aliased or anti-aliased? \
Do you allow semi-transparent pixels outside the outline? What happens with an icon \
with outline that is scaled?
!!!* Third Assignment *
Redesign the icon as a vector icon, for instance in Sodipodi. You can use the 128x128 \
size many artists use. Do not use an outline. Do keep in mind the icon will have to \
be exported to the 16x16 size too. You already know how many objects and sub-objects \
an icon can have... Do not start to paint landscapes full of details. Use the same \
simple objects you drew before, KISS...
Export the icon as 16x16, 22x22, 32x32 and 128x128 png icons. Do you have Visual \
Consistency? You can not leave scaling to very small sizes to applications, since \
every pixel counts at small sizes. You can hand-optimize the 16 and 22 icons with the \
GIMP, as you did before. Now you will have 3 images that matter: a svg vector icon, \
and 16x16 and 22x22 png icons. With the svg icon the bigger sizes can be rendered.
It was a pleasure to have you in boot camp. Say after me: "I will always keep it \
Simple, I will KISS my way through live."
We declare you Icon-Master.
**********************************************
!!!General tips
Design your icons to match the look of those icons in KDE which already do exist. KDE \
uses the Crystal SVG icon set originated by Everaldo, take a good look at it! Notice \
they do not have an outline.
Visual appearance: KDE-icons look clear, sharp, clean and crisp. They are easy to \
recognize -- even those tiny pixmaps which measure 16x16 pixels.
[
surrounded by a black line ----removed
]
Use icon elements consistently.
The lightsource should be in the upper left corner.
Use appropriate concise metaphors that are international and can be understood in \
most countries/cultures. Two different things shouldn't be represented by the same \
icon. All icons should be easy to recognize by color-blind people.
5% to 8% (depending on the study you quote) of the men and 0.5% of the women
of the world are born colorblind. Please have a look at this URL for more detailed \
information on this topic:
"Effective Color Contrast -- Designing for People with Partial Sight and Color \
Deficiencies" by Aries Arditi, Ph.D Don't use text in icons
Do not use any work that is not original. That means if you didn't draw it, we can't \
use it. Don't take from other desktop environments (Gnome, Windows, MacOS) and don't \
take from the WWW. Try to be original instead. Don't be insulting or pornographic.
Toolbar- and application-icons
In KDE there are two general types of icons. There exist special guidelines for each \
of these:
Toolbar-icons are very often concrete icons: they are pictures or close \
representations of the operations which they represent. Toolbar-icons are generally \
much more being used than application-icons. So one needs to find them and recognize \
the purpose they resemble fast. Therefore they are usually more symbolic and simple \
than applicaton-icons to improve usability. Toolbar-icons are tools one just wants to \
use. Making them too detailed, color- and beautiful would decrease usability a lot.
Application-icons": being used to start applications, to resemble folders, mimetypes \
and devices.
On the other side many application-icons are abstract icons: they are are abstract \
designs that may have only a superficial or simplified representation of the \
operation. Some bear no relation to the functionality at all. Instead \
application-icons try to be much more unique, original and beautiful -- they are the \
brand of the application and are used to "advertise" the application (Think of the \
CorelDraw icon e.g. -- If you wouldn't know what this icon is about you would never \
guess that a vector-graphic-application starts once you click on it).
In addition to the basic iconstyleguides which are valid for all icons there are some \
special guidelines for creating application-icons:
Application-icons are used to start applications, to resemble mimetypes \
("documents"), structures of the filesystem ("folders, links, ...") and devices.
[ palette...]
Consistency Please try to stay consistent throughout the whole K Desktop Environment:
between toolbar- and application-icons
between different sizes of icons
concerning icon elements
Consistency among incarnations
In the pixel era Torsten wrote:
"For KDE we need to have every icon in different sizes (...). Larger incarnations of \
an icon should of course show more detail than the smaller version. But don't add too \
much detail: we have to make sure that the user won't be irritated by icons which \
look very different and represent actually the same thing. So all incarnations of an \
icon have still to look very similar.
Therefore larger versions of an icon are usually made from smaller incarnations. For \
the artist this isn't just a matter of scaling the icon up (or down). Everytime an \
icon is being scaled the artist has to 'repair' his icon. In many cases this means \
that the icon needs to be recreated completely. Of course it makes very much sense to \
use the scaled icon as a reference/template:
While you recreate your icon you have to make sure that outside your lines there are \
no semi-transparent pixels left. The lines themselves should look black, straight and \
sharp again. To get a cleaner design it's recommended to redo the gradients, too."
Today we have vector icons. Today a good compromise has to be found between keeping \
the icons simple enough to be scaled down, and interesting enough for the bigger \
sizes.
Icon-templates
Use icon elements consistently if you create a new icon. If a shape for an icon \
element already does exist, don't change it.
Storing & submitting icons
!!!Vectors and pixels
The Crystal SVG icon set is a vector icon set. The icons are drawn in vector drawing \
programs and saved as .svg or .svgz. Many artists work at the 128x128 size. SVG is a \
evolving standard, for the moment the svg sources are exported to png icons in the \
sizes 16x16, 22x22, 32x32, 48x48, 64x64 and 128x128. As seen in the Icon Boot Camp, \
the smallest icons need repair. Always send in the svg and the 16x16 and 22x22 png \
icons. The bigger pngs can be rendered with scripts.
Since svg is an evolving standard, keep all sources you have. No program has svg \
implemented fully and correctly. For instance, if you work in Illustrator, also keep \
your .ai files. May be later on svgs can be made out of them with a higher quality. \
Sending in the .ai files too would be welcomed! The same applies for .sxd (Open \
Office) files, etc. Because svg is evolving, keep it simple, in the way you design \
it too. This gives the biggest change the image is described correctly. (SVG files \
are text files, you can open them in a text editor and take a look at the source - \
recommended!)
Do not use special extensions, they may cause problems while saving to svg.
[move to wiki]
KDE does not have a black and white icon set. If you like to fire off on one, look \
here: [http://home.uwnet.nl/~vita/linux|black and white icons]
!!!Naming convention
The Crystal svg icons follow the crsc-mime-kate.svgz naming convention. The first \
part crsc- says it is a Crystal source. The second part of the filename contains the \
purpose of the icon:
device: The icon resembles a device
filesys: it symbolizes a certain part of the filestructure (folders, links, etc. ...)
mime: a document belonging to a certain mimetype is being resembled by this icon
app: clicking the icon starts an application
action: a toolbar-icon
The actual name is the last part of the filename. It can be followed by a "_" and the \
state of the icon. The extension .svgz makes clear it is a compressed .svg file.
The Crystal png icons follow the cr16-mime-kate.png naming convention. Here the cr16 \
says it is a Crystal icon size 16x16. Likewise there are cr22, cr32, cr48, cr64 and \
cr128 icons.
Submitting your icon
Before you submit your icon make sure that your icon is compliant with this \
Icon-Styleguide. By submitting your icon to icons --[at]-- kde --[dot]-- org you \
agree that the kde-artist-team may use your icon as a part of a product of the \
kde-project under the respective free license of the belonging application.
You can also send your icon to kde-artists --[at]-- kde --[dot]-- org . This way \
you get feedback from the kde-artists community.
After you have committed your icon to icons@kde.org the icon-core-team will decide \
wether your icon matches the style-guides and our quality-expectations. In any case \
we will tell you within three days what will happen to your icon (If you should get \
no answer please contact us!). If there are still issues we will ask preferably you \
to fix them. But you should be aware of the fact that it might be possible that \
somebody else might apply changes to your icon as a part of the development-process. \
If everything goes well then your icon should be part of the KDE-CVS-tree within a \
week.
!!References
[http://developer.kde.org/documentation/standards/kde/style/basics/index.html|KDE \
Style]
[http://hannibal.lr-s.tudelft.nl/kdeusability/KdeHumanInterfaceGuidelines|KdeHumanInterfaceGuidelines]
[http://developer.apple.com/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/OSXHIGuidelines/index.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/20000957|Macintosh \
Human Interface Guidelines]
[http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/browser/ext/overview/toolbar_style.asp|Toolbar \
Button Style Guide for MS Internet Explorer]
[http://members.aol.com/nocolorvsn/color.htm|Terrace L. Waggoner: "Colorblind"]
[http://www.lighthouse.org/color_contrast.htm|Aries Arditi, Ph.D: "Effective Color \
Contrast -- Designing for People with Partial Sight and Color Deficiencies"]
[http://tigert.gimp.org/gimp/tutorials/|Tuomas Kuosmanen (TigerT): Various \
Gimp-Tutorials]
[http://marco.shada.com/wmaker/wmaker.html|Marcos Icon Factory]
[http://tigert.gimp.org/|TigerT Labs]
[http://www.graphicsdesign.org/copland/|Copland Icons ]
[http://www.useit.com/papers/sun/icons.html|Sun Papers]
[http://www.id-book.com/|ID Book]
remove: -http://developer.kde.org/documentation/standards/kde/icon-style.html
-http://www.sapdesignguild.org/resources/icon_cookbook/
-http://developer.apple.com/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/APStyleGuide/AppleStyleGuide2003.pdf
[http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/dnwxp/html/winxpicons.asp|MS]
-Any gnome style guides that are recent
(wiki laylout)
SVG:
[http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/|w3.org]
[http://xml.apache.org/batik/svgviewer.html|viewer]
[http://www.mozilla.org/projects/svg/|mozilla]
[http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/SVG-Implementations.htm8|program options]
[http://www.adobe.com/svg/viewer/install/main.html|adobe viewer]
[http://www.smartgraphics.com/Viewer_prod_info.shtml|viewer]
[http://www.ionicsoft.com/demo/svg.jsp|ionicosoft]
Resources
Software & Snapshots
Software
[http://www.sodipodi.com/|sodipodi] - vector drawing program, open source
[http://www.koffice.org/karbon/|karbon] - vector drawing program, open source
[http://www.openoffice.org|OpenOffice.org Draw] - vector drawing program, open source \
(can export to SVG - intuitive interface and tools, usefull for quick start of an \
icon - only basic color shapes without gradients, semi-transparency or shadows are \
rendered correctly) [http://www.adobe.com/products/illustrator/main.html|illustrator] \
- vector drawing program [http://www.gimp.org/|The Gimp] -- recommended for pixel \
images. [http://www.imagemagick.org/|Image Magick] --can be used to convert files, \
the GIMP has better compression. At the moment imagemagick really has magical output \
from svg files - do not use it for svg.
The svg2png4kde script renders svg to png, with the correct file names:
[http://www.kde-look.org/content/show.php?content=10055|svg2png4kde]
*****************************
fyi:
the kde artists wiki page
!!Wiki for KDE-artists.
Official Homepage: [http://artist.kde.org/|KDE-Artists homepage]
!! New
What is going on on the icon front? The newest in KDE icons (the official ones, \
shipped with KDE) are the Crystal SVG icons. These are vector based icons, ready to \
scale for all resolutions. You can find them at \
[http://www.kde-look.org/|KDE-look.org]. Probably this link will get you to them \
directly: [http://www.kde-look.org/index.php?xsortmode=high&page=0|Crystal SVG] Here \
are some links to the web-CVS site KDE has. The newest icons to ship are here: \
[http://webcvs.kde.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/kdelibs/pics/crystalsvg|CVS pictures] . Due \
to the naming the SVGs are at the end of the list. They are in the form of svgz, \
which can be renamed to svg.gz and openend with gzip -d myIcon.svg.gz . Here are \
source files, yet most material is older... \
[http://webcvs.kde.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/art-devel/#dirlist|CVS picture sources] \
Here is some more [http://webcvs.kde.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/kdeartwork/|artwork]. \
Poke around!
Note: the vector icons can be scaled. For the time being they are rendered to pixel \
icons because pixel icons are faster. The smaller ones are repaired by hand. Still, \
vectors are more efficient: bigger sizes can be rendered with a batch operation. \
There are 2 scripts to help you render svg icons to png icons: \
[http://www.kde-look.org/content/show.php?content=10055|svg2png4kde] and \
[http://www.kde-look.org/content/show.php?content=6913|svgtoicon]
!!License and List
Under what license are the KDE icons? See the \
[http://artist.kde.org/new/license.html|license] Speaking of icons, here will soon be \
a complete list of icons for KDE (the list that you will need to fill out to be able \
to say "My icon set is complete"): ((KDE 3.2 Icons List))
!!Contributing
[http://www.cfcl.com/tin/P/199409.shtml|Do you pine for the nice days when men were \
men] and draw their own icons? The most fun you will have making your own wallpapers \
and icons and upload them to kde-look.org. Some people out there in the big world \
will use Your Stuff. Or do you want to join a movement that shocks and rocks the IT \
world, sends rusty operating systems to the dustbin, keeps Bill Gates awake at night? \
Make icons for KDE!
New at making icons? Enlist in ((Icon Boot Camp))
!!To Do
There are always new apps, oops, applications, that need an icon. There are always \
missing icons, etc. Look at the bugs (missing icons) and at the mailing list.
!!Mailing list & Bugs list
You can subscribe to the KDE artists mailing list by sending an e-mail to \
kde-artists-request@kde.org with just "subscribe" in the header. Sometimes this list \
is virtually dead, then, nobody knows why, the list is full of life. Be amazed!
Here is the [http://bugs.kde.org/buglist.cgi?short_desc_type=allwordssubstr&short_desc \
=&long_desc_type=allwordssubstr&long_desc=&product=artwork&component=general&version=u \
nspecified&bug_status=UNCONFIRMED&bug_status=NEW&bug_status=ASSIGNED&bug_status=REOPEN \
ED&bugidtype=include&bug_id=&votes=&emailassigned_to1=1&emailtype1=substring&email1=&e \
mailassigned_to2=1&emailreporter2=1&emailcc2=1&emailtype2=substring&email2=&changedin= \
&chfieldfrom=&chfieldto=Now&chfieldvalue=&order=Reuse+same+sort+as+last+time&cmdtype=doit&newqueryname=|Bug \
list]
!!Great links
If you made your own set of icons or wallpapers, etc, for KDE, you can publish them \
at [http://www.kde-look.org/|KDE-look.org] . Lots of stuff there. Here you can find \
some scripts that may be useful :[http://home.uwnet.nl/~vita/linux|Scripts] , \
including the svg2png4kde script. Looking for clip-art? See \
[http://www.kde.org/stuff/clipart.php|here]. By the way, al the Crystal SVG .svgz \
icons can be used for clip-art too.
!!History
There is an [http://artist.kde.org/introduction.html|icon guide] for KDE 2 icons \
written by Torsten. That is way back in time. Information on sizes is partly \
outdated, KDE will have scalable vector icons soon. The high color icons became \
Crystal SVG icons. Information on consistency is still true as ever. Some sence of \
history can be good, read were it all came from.
And where did the [http://www.kde-look.org/content/show.php?content=777&xexpand=all|black&white] \
icons go?
!!References
[http://developer.kde.org/documentation/standards/kde/style/basics/index.html|KDE \
Style]
[http://hannibal.lr-s.tudelft.nl/kdeusability/KdeHumanInterfaceGuidelines|KdeHumanInterfaceGuidelines]
[http://developer.apple.com/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/OSXHIGuidelines/index.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/20000957|Macintosh \
Human Interface Guidelines]
[http://msdn.microsoft.com/workshop/browser/ext/overview/toolbar_style.asp|Toolbar \
Button Style Guide for MS Internet Explorer]
[http://members.aol.com/nocolorvsn/color.htm|Terrace L. Waggoner: "Colorblind"]
[http://www.lighthouse.org/color_contrast.htm|Aries Arditi, Ph.D: "Effective Color \
Contrast -- Designing for People with Partial Sight and Color Deficiencies"]
[http://tigert.gimp.org/gimp/tutorials/|Tuomas Kuosmanen (TigerT): Various \
Gimp-Tutorials]
[http://marco.shada.com/wmaker/wmaker.html|Marcos Icon Factory]
[http://tigert.gimp.org/|TigerT Labs]
[http://www.graphicsdesign.org/copland/|Copland Icons ]
[http://www.useit.com/papers/sun/icons.html|Sun Papers]
[http://www.id-book.com/|ID Book]
---
Link to ((Home))
KDE: K Desktop Environment[http://example.com|desc][http://example.com|desc]
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